Table 1.
Means, standard deviations, and effect sizes (Cohen’s d) by gender with reliability of the scales
| Scales | Mean (SD) | Boys Mean (SD) | Girls Mean (SD) | t/d | p | Cohen’s d | Cronbach’s alpha |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| self-blame | 4.69 (1.85) | 4.53 (1.75) | 4.82 (1.92) | 2.90 | 0.004 | 0.16 | 0.80 |
| acceptance | 5.71 (2.05) | 5.80 (2.04) | 5.65 (2.05) | 1.33 | 0.182 | 0.07 | 0.81 |
| rumination | 5.95 (2.03) | 5.55 (1.92) | 6.27 (2.06) | 6.59 | <0.001 | 0.36 | 0.71 |
| positive refocusing | 4.78 (2.01) | 4.73 (1.93) | 4.82 (2.07) | 0.80 | 0.426 | 0.04 | 0.82 |
| planning | 6.24 (1.96) | 6.17 (1.91) | 6.29 (2.00) | 1.08 | 0.281 | 0.06 | 0.68 |
| positive reappraisal | 6.11 (1.98) | 6.15 (1.94) | 6.08 (2.02) | 0.71 | 0.480 | 0.04 | 0.61 |
| putting into perspective | 5.18 (1.93) | 5.02 (1.80) | 5.32 (2.01) | 2.94 | 0.003 | 0.16 | 0.70 |
| catastrophising | 4.16 (1.96) | 3.93 (1.80) | 4.35 (2.08) | 3.91 | <0.001 | 0.21 | 0.81 |
| other-blame | 4.11 (1.72) | 4.39 (1.81) | 3.89 (1.62) | 5.28 | <0.001 | 0.29 | 0.81 |
| CES-D T1 | 15.50 (10.16) | 13.93 (9.48) | 16.77 (10.52) | 5.20 | <0.001 | 0.28 | 0.90 |
| CES-D T2 | 16.21 (9.93) | 14.00 (9.12) | 18.01 (10.20) | 7.68 | <0.001 | 0.41 | 0.90 |
Nboys = 615; Ngirls = 756; CERQ Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire; CES-D The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale