. 2024 Jan 2;19(1):1462–1472. doi: 10.26603/001c.90707

Table 3. Percent muscle stiffness changes between relaxed and deadlift conditions, all values are reported in Newton-meters.

	Percent Mean Stiffness Change (SD)		Adjusted Mean Differences^a (95% Confidence Interval)
	Control (n = 34)	LBP (n = 34)	Adjusted Mean Differences^a (95% Confidence Interval)	p-⁠value
Standing
LM	21.5 (42.1)	22.3 (38.2)	12.0 (-14.1 to 25.9)	0.56
LT	15.2 (26.5)	14.9 (26.3)	2.7 (-11.1 to 15.5)	0.74
Deadlift
VL	107.9 (43.3)	73.6 (44.6)	21.9 (2.3 to 41.4)	0.03*
BF	6.7 (24.6)	-8.0 (13.8)	11.2 (1.5 to 21.0)	0.02*
LM	184.9 (78.0)	155.7 (74.2)	12.0 (-23.8 to 47.8)	0.50
LT	101.9 (41.8)	95.2 (59.7)	2.7 (-22.2 to 27.7)	0.83

LBP, low back pain; VL, vastus lateralis; BF, biceps femoris; LM, lumbar multifidus; LT, longissimus thoracis; ^aMean stiffness and confidence interval values are adjusted for sex and activity level. *Statistically significant difference at p < 0.05.