Table 3.

Mendelian randomization estimates for causal effects of KYN on IBD.

Exposure	Outcome	Method	OR	95% CI	P value
KYN	IBD	IVW	4.406	2.247–8.641	1.58 e−05
		MR-Egger	2.586	0.558–11.986	2.32 e−01
		Weighted median	4.163	1.767–9.808	1.10 e−03
		Simple mode	0.568	0.048–6.682	6.56 e−01
		Weighted mode	0.599	0.037–9.559	7.19 e−01
	UC	IVW	2.578	1.368–4.858	3.38 e−03
		MR-Egger	1.190	0.270–5.237	8.18 e−01
		Weighted median	3.156	1.249–7.976	1.50 e−02
		Simple mode	3.156	0.427–23.315	2.66 e−01
		Weighted mode	3.895	0.687–22.074	0.13 e−01
	CD	IVW	13.516	4.919–37.134	4.42 e−07
		MR-Egger	12.443	1.221–126.765	4.03 e−02
		Weighted median	38.857	9.166–164.720	6.81 e−07
		Simple mode	131.837	7.579–2293.046	1.90 e−03
		Weighted mode	79.732	4.190–1517.157	6.11 e−03

IBD inflammatory bowel disease, UC ulcerative colitis, CD Crohn’s disease, KYN kynurenine.