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. 2024 Jan 2;15:165. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-44519-x

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — a, b Optical image (a) and photo (b) of a representative device transferred to the flexible substrate, the size of the PI substrate is 1 cm. c I_ds–V_gs transfer characteristics of a self-aligned device on the flexible substrate under the strain of 5%. The bias voltages here is 10 mV (red), 100 mV (royal blue), 500 mV (yellow), 1 V (green), 2 V (slate blue) and 4 V (magenta), respectively. d I_ds–V_ds output characteristic of a self-aligned device on the flexible substrate under the strain of 5%. The gate voltages here is −5 V (black), -4 V (red), -3 V (blue), -2 V (green), -1 V (orchid), 0 V (dull gold), 1 V (dark cyan), 2 V (dark brown), 3 V (dark yellow), 4 V (orange-red) and 5 V (light blue), respectively.