Table 3.
The association between sociodemographic and job characteristics with workplace bullying.
| Workplace Bullying |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk factors | Yes (n%) | No (n%) | X2 | P-value |
| Age (years) | 0.97 | 0.33 | ||
| ≤30 | 113 (44.3) | 142 (55.7) | ||
| >30 | 6 (66.7) | 3 (33.3) | ||
| Gender | 0.01 | 0.95 | ||
| Males | 40 (44.9) | 49 (55.1) | ||
| Females | 79 (45.1) | 96 (54.9) | ||
| Marital Status | 5.70 | 0.03b | ||
| Single | 76 (40.4) | 112 (59.6) | ||
| Married | 43 (56.6) | 33 (43.4) | ||
| Ethnicitya | 0.01 | 0.93 | ||
| Malay | 72 (45.3) | 87 (54.7) | ||
| Non-Malay | 47 (44.8) | 58 (55.2) | ||
| Educational Backgrounda | 0.80 | 0.37 | ||
| Local institutions | 81 (43.3) | 106 (56.7) | ||
| Overseas institutions | 38 (49.4) | 39 (50.6) | ||
| Working Experiencea | 0.87 | 0.35 | ||
| 0–2 years | 111 (44.4) | 139 (55.6) | ||
| More than 2 years | 6 (42.9) | 8 (57.1) | ||
| Working Hours Per Weeka(hours) | 0.14 | 0.71 | ||
| ≤80 | 77 (44.3) | 97 (55.7) | ||
| >80 | 42 (46.7) | 48 (53.3) | ||
a
Adjustments were made to the ethnic group, educational background, working experience, and working hours. For ethnicity, participants were reclassified into two categories, namely “Malay” and “Non-Malay”. For educational background, participants were reclassified into “Local institutions” and “Overseas institutions”. For working experience, participants were reclassified into “0–2 years” and “more than 2 years”. For working hours per week, participants were reclassified into “≤ 80 h” and “> 80 h”.
b
Chi-Square test significant p < 0.05.