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. 2024 Jan 2;15:26. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-44407-4

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Bright-field optical microscope image of fabricated metalens. b, c Scanning electron microscope images of metalens in center and away from center, respectively. d Schematic of dual-wavelength metalens functionality. Overlap between excitation and detection volume minimizes confocal effective volume and provides efficient light collection. e Calculated molecule detection efficiency as function of lens NA and focusing efficiency (FE). Molecule detection efficiency is represented in arbitrary units, as its absolute values strictly depend on total transmission of optical microscope setup. FEs at excitation and collection wavelengths are considered identical for this schematic.