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. 2024 Jan 2;15:97. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-43787-x

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Serum GCA concentrations in Gca-Lyz2-CKO and WT mice (n = 6). b–d Fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin and HOMA-IR index of Gca-Lyz2-CKO and WT mice fed with HFD for 12 weeks (n = 6). e, f Blood glucose (e) and area under curve (f) of Gca-Lyz2-CKO and wild type (WT) mice fed with HFD for 12 weeks during intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (GTT) (n = 6). g Serum insulin concentrations during GTT (n = 6). h Blood glucose in Gca-Lyz2-CKO and WT mice fed with HFD for 12 weeks during intraperitoneal insulin tolerance test (ITT) (n = 6). i Area under curve (AUC) of Gca-Lyz2-CKO and WT mice fed with HFD for 12 weeks during ITT (n = 6). The values of the y-axis in AUC are the absolute measured blood glucose concentrations. j, k Western Blot of insulin-stimulated AKT phosphorylation in epidydimal white adipose tissue (eWAT), liver and muscle j and quantitation of pAKT/tAKT k from Gca-Lyz2-CKO and WT mice fed with HFD for 12 weeks (n = 4). l–n Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (QPCR) analysis of inflammatory cytokine gene expression levels in eWAT, adipocyte and liver of Gca-Lyz2-CKO and WT mice fed with HFD for 12 weeks (n = 6). o F4/80 immunohistochemistry and flow analyses of macrophage in eWAT from Gca-Lyz2-CKO and WT mice fed with HFD for 12 weeks (n = 3). Scale bar, 250 µm. p QPCR analysis of the proinflammatory Th1 marker genes (Tbx21 and Ifng), Treg (Foxp3) and Th2(Gata3) in SFV of Gca-Lyz2-CKO and WT mice fed with HFD for 12 weeks (n = 6). q Flow cytometry analysis of CD4⁺Tbet⁺ Th1 cells and CD4⁺Foxp3⁺ Treg cells in eWAT from Gca-Lyz2-CKO and WT mice fed with HFD for 12 weeks (n = 3). Data are presented as means ± SEM. n indicates the number of biologically independent samples examined. Statistical analysis was assessed by two-sided Student’s t test (a–d, f, i and k–q) or two-way ANOVA followed with Sidak’s multiple comparisons test (e,g and h) and significant differences were indicated with p values. Source data are provided as a Source Data File.