Fig. 2.

Original and annotated leaf stomatal images and the label file structure. C, X, Y, W, H represent class, x_center, y_center, width, and height of the bounding boxes, respectively. The x_center and y_center are expressed as normalized coordinates that correspond to the center of the bounding box, while width and height are normalized values that represent the relative width and height of the box concerning the dimensions of the image. Note that “C, X, Y, W, H” do not exist in label files, and we used these headings for explanation.