Fig. 1. Structural characterization of the TS–Ir/MnO₂ electrocatalyst.

a SEM and b TEM images of the TS–Ir/MnO₂ electrocatalyst. c XRD patterns and d–f HRTEM images of MnO₂, Ir–MnO₂, and TS–Ir/MnO₂ electrocatalysts. g HAADF–TEM image, in which bright spots highlighted by red circles are ascribed to Ir sites. h Enlarged HAADF–TEM image and i line profiles for HAADF intensity analysis labeled in h for the TS–Ir/MnO₂ electrocatalyst.