Table 3.
Inhibition diameters of insect extracts against Gram-negative bacteria. Values in the same column with different superscript letters are significantly different (p < 0.05) to the Student's t-test.
| Gram-negative bacteria strains | Acheta domesticus | Anopheles gambiae | Apis melifera | Bunaea alcinoe | Cirina butyrospermi | Lytta sp. | Macrotermes bellicosus | Imipenem |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Escherichia coli 652654 | 9.0 ± 0.0b | 10.5 ± 0.5d | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 9.5 ± 0.05b | 12.0 ± 0.0de | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 20.0 ± 0.0d |
| Escherichia coli ATCC25922 | 16.5 ± 0.5e | 10 ± 0.0d | 9.0 ± 0.0b | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 11.0 ± 0.0c | 10.0 ± 0.0bc | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 22.0 ± 0.0e |
| Escherichia coli ATCC8739 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 13.0 ± 0.0e | 9.5 ± 0.5b | 17.0 ± 0.0c |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae 203 | 15.5 ± 0.5de | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 15.0 ± 1.0 cd | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 11.0 ± 0.0 cd | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 15.0 ± 0.0b |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC13883 | 18.5 ± 1.5f | 14.0 ± 0.0e | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 10.0 ± 0.0b | 12 ± 1.0 cd | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 12.0 ± 0.0c | 12.0 ± 0.0a |
| Providencia rettgeri 652655 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 10.5 ± 0.5d | 22.5 ± 0.5e | 19.5 ± 0.5c | 8.5 ± 0.5b | 13.5 ± 1.5e | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 15.0 ± 0.0b |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC9027 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 20.0 ± 0.0 cd | 26.0 ± 0.5f. | 0.0 ± 0.0 a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 15.5 ± 0.5e |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 | 12.5 ± 0.0c | 9.0 ± 0.0c | 14.5 ± 0.5c | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 30.0 ± 0.0 h | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 13.5 ± 0.5d | 13.0 ± 0.0d |
| Salmonella abony NCTC6017 | 14.0 ± 1.0d | 15.0 ± 0.0e | 8.0 ± 0.0b | 10.0 ± 0.0b | 14.0 ± 0.0f. | 12.0 ± 0.0de | 9.0 ± 0.0b | 28.0 ± 1.0 g |
| Salmonella enteritidis ATCC13076 | 14.0 ± 1.0d | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 16.0 ± 0.0d | 20.5 ± 0.5d | 18.5 ± 0.5 g | 10.0 ± 0.0bc | 11.0 ± 1.0c | 22.0 ± 1.0e |
| Serratia odorifera 652411 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 15.0 ± 1.0e | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 12.5 ± 0.5de | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 13.0 ± 0.0a |
| Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC14028 | 10.0 ± 0.0b | 7.5 ± 0.0b | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 12.5 ± 0.5d | 9.0 ± 1.0b | 8.5 ± 0.5b | 19.5 ± 0.5d |
| Gram-negative bacteria strains | Myrabris variabilis | Odontotermes sp. | Periplaneta americana | Pachycondyla sp. | Kraussaria angulifera | Acridia bicolor | Imipenem | Discs with DMSO |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Escherichia coli 652654 | 10.0 ± 0.0b | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 9.0 ± 0.0b | 14.5 ± 0.5e | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 20.0 ± 0.0d |
Inhibition diameter of DMSO-impregnated discs used as a positive control (For all this study) were 00.0 ± 0.0 |
| Escherichia coli ATCC25922 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 12.0 ± 0.0d | 14.0 ± 0.0de | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 22.0 ± 0.0e | |
| Escherichia coli ATCC8739 | 14.5 ± 0.5e | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 13.0 ± 1.0d | 13.0 ± 0.0 cd | 8.0 ± 0.0b | 17.5 ± 1.5c | 17.0 ± 0.0c | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae 203 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 8.0 ± 0.0b | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 15.0 ± 0.0b | |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC13883 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 19.5 ± 0.5d | 15.0 ± 1.0e | 15.0 ± 0.0e | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 18.5 ± 0.5c | 12.0 ± 0.0a | |
| Providencia rettgeri 652655 | 15.0 ± 0.0f | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 12.5 ± 0.5c | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 15 ± 0.0b | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 15.5 ± 0.5e | |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27853 | 14.5 ± 0.5e | 9.0 ± 0.0b | 10.5 ± 0.5c | 10.0 ± 0.0b | 15.0 ± 1.0c | 16.5 ± 1.5bc | 13.0 ± 0.0d | |
| Salmonella abony NCTC6017 | 12.0 ± 0.0d | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 11.0 ± 1.0b | 12.5 ± 0.5c | 15.0 ± 0.0b | 28.0 ± 1.0 g | |
| Salmonella enteritidis ATCC13076 | 30.0 ± 0.0 g | 18.0 ± 0.0c | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 13.0 ± 1.0 cd | 16.0 ± 1.0d | 14.5 ± 1.5b | 22.0 ± 1.0e | |
| Serratia odorifera 652411 | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 13.0 ± 0.0a | |
| Salmonella Typhimurium ATCC14028 | 11.0 ± 0.0c | 0.0 ± 0.0a | 17.0 ± 0.0f | 13.0 ± 0.0 cd | 20.0 ± 0.0e | 23.0 ± 1.0d | 19.5 ± 0.5d |