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① Acute phase with severe pain. Severe pain occurs immediately after onset of symptoms and difficulty in moving the body. ② Subacute phase, with vertebral instability. Back pain always occurs during body movement, although the acute pain has improved slightly. ③ Delayed neurological deficit Delayed onset of neurological symptoms in the lower extremities sometime after fracture. ④ Kyphotic deformity type A kyphotic deformity resulting in musculoskeletal pain in the back.
