Figure 4.

Microscopic differences between knapping marks (b–d) and carnivore tooth marks (g–j) on fragments of a horse pelvis (a) from the Horse Butchery Site. (b–d) Overlapping knapping scores in close-up, showing characteristic chipping, angular pits and scores and oblique and transverse microstriations. Knapping marks overlie filleting cut marks. The piece used as a knapping tool is a fragment of the ilium, which was broken intentionally with a hammerstone. (e–j) Carnivore tooth marks occur on both sides of the ‘rim’ of the acetabulum (e–f). A tooth mark puncturing cut marks (g) is illustrated as a topographic model (h) and in a cross-section (j) generated by the Alicona imaging system.