Table 3.
Comparison of specifications between exoscope and operating microscope in different studies.
| Author et al |
Procedure |
Optical/Image Quality |
Illumination |
Optical Zoom Ratio |
Mean Scope Adjustment |
Ease of use/handling instrument/holding arm |
High Dynamic Range |
Surgeon’s discomfort |
Cost |
Learning Curve |
|||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Exoscope | Operating Microscope | Exoscope | Operating Microscope | Exoscope | Operating Microscope | Exoscope | Operating Microscope | Exoscope | Operating Microscope | Exoscope | Operating Microscope | Exoscope | Operating Microscope | Exoscope | Operating Microscope | Exoscope | Operating Microscope | ||
| Shirzadi | superior | inferior | – | – | – | – | – | – | superior | inferior | superior | inferior | superior | inferior | less | more | comparable | comparable | |
| Krishnan | – | – | – | – | superior | inferior | superior | inferior | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Ariffin | superior | inferior | – | – | – | – | – | – | superior | inferior | superior | inferior | – | – | – | – | shorter | longer | |
| Hafez | Bypass | comparable | comparable | superior | inferior | superior | inferior | comparable | comparable | superior | inferior | – | – | – | – | – | – | shorter | longer |
| Ramirez | superior | inferior | inferior | superior | comparable | comparable | superior | inferior | superior | inferior | inferior | superior | – | – | less | more | shorter | longer | |
| Yao | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Mamelak | superior | inferior | inferior | superior | superior | inferior | superior | inferior | superior | inferior | superior | inferior | – | – | – | – | shorter | longer | |
| Siller | ACDF | superior | inferior | comparable | comparable | inferior | superior | inferior | superior | comparable | comparable | comparable | comparable | superior | inferior | less | more | shorter | longer |
| LPD | superior | inferior | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |
| Lin | comparable but inferior in longer and deeper procedures | – | comparable but inferior in longer and deeper procedures | – | – | – | comparable | comparable | superior | inferior | inferior | superior | superior | inferior | – | – | shorter | longer | |
| Kwan | – | – | – | – | – | – | superior | inferior | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | shorter | longer | |
| Oertel | superior | inferior | superior | inferior | comparable | comparable | comparable | comparable | superior | inferior | comparable | comparable | superior | inferior | less | more | – | – | |
| Moisi | comparable | comparable | – | – | – | – | superior | inferior | superior | inferior | – | – | superior | inferior | – | – | – | – | |
| Lin | inferior | superior | inferior | superior | – | – | superior | inferior | superior | inferior | inferior | superior | superior | inferior | shorter | longer | |||
| Giorgi | Superior | – | comparable | comparable | superior | inferior | superior | inferior | superior | inferior | superior | inferior | superior | inferior | shorter | longer | |||
| Bai | – | – | superior | inferior | – | – | superior | inferior | superior | inferior | superior | inferior | – | – | – | – | |||
| Ramirez | Minimally invasive TLIF | – | – | comparable | comparable | comparable | comparable | inferior | superior | comparable | comparable | – | – | comparable | comparable | Longer | shorter | ||
| Open TLIF | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | |||
| Abunimer | cranial surgery | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | superior | inferior | superior | inferior | superior | inferior | shorter | longer | ||
| spinal surgery | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | ||||