Table 2. Demographics, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes of Patients With Early and Late Start of CRRTa.
| Variable | Patients, No. (%) | P valueb | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall (N = 979) | Early CRRT (n = 514) | Late CRRT (n = 465) | ||
| Age, y | 8.8 (1.6-15.0) | 9.0 (1.9-15.0) | 8.2 (1.35-14.93) | .58 |
| Admission weight, median (IQR), kg | 26.8 (11.6-54.92) | 27.0 (12.0-58.3) | 26.5 (10.29-52.0) | .08 |
| Sex | ||||
| Female | 445 (45.5) | 229 (44.6) | 216 (46.5) | .59 |
| Male | 534 (54.5) | 285 (55.4) | 249 (53.5) | |
| Race | ||||
| American Indian or Alaska Native | 16 (1.9) | 9 (2.0) | 7 (1.7) | .23 |
| Asian or Pacific Islander | 43 (5.0) | 29 (6.5) | 14 (3.4) | |
| Black | 126 (14.6) | 65 (14.5) | 61 (14.7) | |
| White | 660 (76.5) | 339 (75.5) | 321 (77.5) | |
| More than 1 race | 18 (2.1) | 7 (1.6) | 11 (2.7) | |
| Missing | 116 | 65 | 51 | |
| Ethnicity | ||||
| Hispanic or Latino | 160 (18.5) | 77 (17.3) | 83 (19.8) | .39 |
| non–Hispanic or Latino | 706 (81.5) | 369 (82.7) | 337 (80.2) | |
| Missing | 113 | 68 | 45 | |
| Admit category | ||||
| Shock/infection/trauma | 364 (37.2) | 208 (40.5) | 156 (33.5) | <.001 |
| Respiratory failure | 194 (19.8) | 87 (16.9) | 107 (23.0) | |
| Postsurgical/minor trauma | 49 (5.0) | 24 (4.7) | 25 (5.4) | |
| CNS dysfunction | 39 (4.0) | 25 (4.9) | 14 (3.0) | |
| Pain/sedation | 8 (0.8) | 3 (0.6) | 5 (1.1) | |
| Primary cardiac disease | 31 (3.2) | 4 (0.8) | 27 (5.8) | |
| Post cardiac surgery | 49 (5.0) | 14 (2.7) | 35 (7.5) | |
| Heart failure/myopathy | 39 (4.0) | 18 (3.5) | 21 (4.5) | |
| Other | 206 (21.0) | 131 (25.5) | 75 (16.1) | |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| None | 193 (19.6) | 119 (23.0) | 74 (15.9) | .006 |
| Respiratory | 132 (13.5) | 55 (10.7) | 77 (16.6) | .01 |
| Cardiac | 191 (19.5) | 60 (11.7) | 131 (28.2) | <.001 |
| Neurologic/neuromuscular | 132 (13.5) | 66 (12.8) | 66 (14.2) | .6 |
| Nephrologic/urologic | 90 (9.2) | 50 (9.7) | 40 (8.6) | .62 |
| Hematologic | 132 (13.5) | 73 (14.2) | 59 (12.7) | .55 |
| Oncologic | 222 (22.7) | 121 (23.5) | 101 (21.7) | .55 |
| Immunologic | 153 (15.6) | 87 (16.9) | 66 (14.2) | .28 |
| Gastrointestinal | 185 (18.9) | 92 (17.9) | 93 (20.0) | .45 |
| Endocrinologic | 62 (6.3) | 31 (6.0) | 31 (6.7) | .78 |
| Comorbidities, No. | ||||
| 0 | 193 (19.6) | 119 (23.0) | 74 (15.9) | .003 |
| 1 | 479 (48.9) | 246 (47.9) | 233 (50.1) | |
| 2 | 192 (29.6) | 104 (20.2) | 88 (18.9) | |
| >2 | 116 (1.8) | 46 (8.9) | 70 (15.1) | |
| Baseline measured serum creatinine, median (IQR), mg/dL | 0.4 (0.22-0.62) [n = 540] | 0.45 (0.25-0.69) [n = 254] | 0.37 (0.20-0.60) [n = 285] | .006 |
| Sepsis at ICU admission | 446 (45.6) | 228 (44.4) | 218 (46.9) | .47 |
| PRISM-III score at ICU admission, median (IQR) | 14 (10-18) | 15.00 (10.00-19.00) | 13.00 (9.00-18.00) | .004 |
| PELOD-2 score at CRRT initiation, median (IQR) | 7 (4-9) | 7 (4-9) | 7 (5-9) | .21 |
| VIS score at CRRT initiation, median (IQR) | 5 (0-20) | 5 (0-24) | 5 (0-15) | .40 |
| VO at CRRT initiation, median (IQR), % | 7.4 (2.4-18.1) | 4.8 (1.1-10.4) | 12.5 (5.3-28.7) | <.001 |
| Indexed UOP 24 h prior to CRRT initiation, median (IQR), mL/kg/h | 0.5 (0.1-1.2) | 0.3 (0.1-1.0) | 0.6 (0.2-1.34) | <.001 |
| CRRT duration, d | 6 (3-14) | 5 (2-12) | 7 (4-17) | <.001 |
| Ventilator-free days | 13 (0-28) | 19 (0-28) | 0 (0-25) | <.001 |
| ICU-free days | 0 (0-0) | 2 (0-16) | 0 (0-0) | <.001 |
| 90-d mortality | 367 (37.5) | 173 (33.7) | 194 (41.7) | .01 |
| MAKE-90 | 629 (65.0) | 314 (62.1) | 315 (68.2) | .05 |
Abbreviations: CNS, central nervous system; CRRT, continuous renal replacement therapy; ICU, intensive care unit; MAKE-90, major adverse kidney events at 90 days (persistent kidney dysfunction, dialysis dependence, or death); PELOD-2, pediatric logistic organ dysfunction score; PRISM-III, pediatric risk of mortality score III; UOP, urine output; VIS, vasoactive inotrope score; VO, percentage volume overload.
SI conversion factor: To convert creatinine to μmol/L, multiply by 88.4.
Overall N for this table is 979, representing all eligible patients from which time to CRRT initiation was known. Categorical variables are presented as frequency with percent. Continuous variables are presented as median with IQR. P values are calculated using χ2 test or Wilcoxon rank-sum test.