Table 3.

The treatment of endogeneity: instrumental variable model (n=6648)^a.

Variable	Results of the first-stage regression	Results of the second-stage regression
Instrumental variable (provincial internet penetration rate), βb (SE)	0.0103c (1.39)	N/Ad
Internet use, β (SE)	N/A	0.2131e (2.90)
Control variables	Yes	Yes

^aAdjusted R²: results of the first-stage regression—0.3203 and results of the second-stage regression—0.0721; F statistics value: results of the first-stage regression—260.52.

^bβ is a regression coefficient.

^cP<.001.

^dN/A: not applicable.

^eP<.01.