Table 3.

Characteristics of the studies included in the review

Authors Year	Aim	Country	Methodology	Sample and setting
Wang et al. 2021 [36]	To describe the knowledge and preferences of ADs and EOL care decisions of patients with brain tumors	China	cross-sectional	Patients from Cancer Hospital, Chinese 316 Brain Tumor Patients
Cohen et al. 2021 [37]	To investigate of the potential association between ACP and hope in advanced cancer	USA	cross-sectional	672 patients with cancer from 17 medical oncology practices within the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer
Berkowitz et al. 2021 [38]	To investigate of components of ACP in patients with cancer as compared with patients with noncancer serious illness referred to palliative care	USA	cross-sectional	1,604 patients with cancer and 1,094 patients without cancer in Duke University Medical Center
Bar-Sela et al. 2021 [39]	To investigate of evaluate the barriers and motives among Israeli cancer patients regarding ACP	Israel	mixed-methods	109 Israeli advanced cancer patients from the Division of Oncology at Rambam
Rodenbach et al. 2020 [40]	To investigate of relationships between patients’ worry about dying and their illness understanding, treatment preferences, and ACP	USA	cross-sectional	672 patients with solid tumors at 17 cancer clinics in western Pennsylvania
Brown et al. 2016 [19]	To evaluate patients’ knowledge regarding ADs	USA	prospective study	110 gynecologic cancer patients from Anderson Gynecologic Oncology Clinic in Houston
Kish et al. 2000 [41]	To investigate of describe cancer patients admitted to an ICU with and without ADs	USA	prospective study	872 patients with Malignancy in Anderson Cancer Center
Dow et al. 2010 [42]	To investigate of determine with which of their physicians patients preferred to discuss ADs	USA	Qualitative/ Semi-structured interviews	75 patients with cancer in Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center Hematology
Kubi et al. 2020 [43]	To investigate of oncology patients’ preferences surrounding ACP with a focus on the choice of which health care providers to have the conversation with and the timing of conversations	USA	cross-sectional	200 oncology patients from the surgical oncology and medical oncology units of Johns Hopkins Hospital
Saeed et al. 2019 [44]	investigate of effect of income and education on the completion of ADs	USA	cross-sectional	256 patients were had stage IV nonhematologic cancer or stage III cancer in the Rochester/Buffalo, New York, and Sacramento, California regions
Prater et al. 2019 [45]	investigate of determine the impact of advance care planning (ACPEOL) among a sample of hospice-referred patients with cancer	USA	retrospective cohort	1185 patients with a primary diagnosis of cancer from a Midwestern academic medical center
Bires et al. 2018 [46]	Investigate of understand the various challenges and personal beliefs regarding ACP through interviews with two groups: patients undergoing active cancer treatment and their oncology providers	USA	Qualitative/ semi-structured interview	10 oncology providers and 20 patients from 39 to 69 years in multispecialty, ambulatory care cancer center in the Atlantic region
McDonald et al. 2017 [31]	Investigate of awareness and prevalence of ADs among patients with advanced cancer undergoing active outpatient care and to determine factors associated with AD completion before and after the diagnosis of cancer	Canada	cross-sectional	395 patients with advanced solid tumor malignancy in Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto
Kim et al. 2017 [47]	Investigate of undertaken to examine the extent to which cancer patient–caregiver dyads would utilize the K–AD and their level of agreement about EoL decisions	Korean	descriptive study	81 cancer patients in from one of two tertiary hospitals in Korea
Zheng et al. 2016 [13]	To investigate knowledge and attitudes of approving ADs and explore factors associated with willing to designate ADs among cancer patients in China	China	Qualitative/ semi-structured interview	753 in-patients with cancer in Two departments of oncology from two university hospitals
Tan and Jatoi et al. 2008 [48]	To assess current rates of ADs among patients with incurable pancreas cancer	USA	retrospective study	1,186 consecutive patients with unresectable pancreas cancer in Mayo Clinic in Rochester/Minnesota
True et al. 2005 [49]	Investigated of differences between African American and White patients with cancer in their use of spirituality to cope with their cancer and examined the role of spiritual coping in preferences at EOL	USA	study group	68 patients with an advanced stage of lung or colon cancer from the Albert Einstein Cancer Center
Seifart et al. 2020 [50]	Investigation of gender differences concerning the content, the desired time point, and the mode of initiation of EOL conversations in cancer patients	German	cross-sectional	186 female and male cancer patients in University Hospital Marburg
Zaros et al. 2013 [51]	To examine physician assessment of decisional capacity and the prevalence of EOL discussions during the terminal hospitalization of patients with advanced cancer	USA	retrospective cohort	145 cancer patients in the University of Michigan Hospital
Wallace et al. 2001 [52]	Investigation of the presence of an AD at admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) influenced the decision to initiate life support therapy in critically ill cancer patients	USA	case-control	872 patients treated in the Anderson Cancer Center ICU
Lin et al. 2019 [53]	Investigation of decision-making processes and drivers of receiving palliative care in ACP discussions from perspectives of advanced cancer patients, families and healthcare professionals in northern Taiwan	Taiwan	Qualitative/ Semi-structured interviews	45participants oncology unit and one hospice unit in a tertiary hospital
Sudore et al. 2018 [54]	Engaging Diverse English- and Spanish-Speaking Older Adults in Advance Care Planning The PREPARE Randomized Clinical Trial	USA	Clinical trial	986 English-speaking and Spanish-speaking older adults with chronic illness from 4 primary care clinics