Table 3.

Adjusted associations between dietary and depressive symptoms after adjustment for other factors (N=118723)

Variables	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
	OR [95% CI]
Gender
Male	1.00	1.00	1.00
Female	1.13 [1.10-1.16]c	1.11 [1.08-1.14]c	1.17 [1.13-1.20]c
Age, y
≤24	1.00	1.00	1.00
45-64	0.66 [0.60-0.71]c	0.69 [0.64-0.76]c	0.82 [0.75-0.90]c
≥65	0.61 [0.55-0.68]c	0.66 [0.59-0.73]c	0.79 [0.71-0.88]c
Marriage
Unmarried	1.00	1.00	1.00
Married	0.83 [0.80-0.87]b	0.84 [0.81-0.88]b	0.94 [0.90-0.98]b
BMI, kg/m2
< 18.5	1.00	1.00	1.00
24-27.9	0.90 [0.84-0.97]b	0.94 [0.87-1.00]	0.93 [0.87-1.00]
≥28	0.89 [0.82-0.96]b	0.90 [0.83-0.97]b	0.88 [0.81-0.95]b
Physical activity
None		1.00	1.00
Yes		0.65 [0.63-0.67]c	0.76 [0.74-0.78]c
Sedentary
< 2 hours		1.00	1.00
2-4 hours		1.16 [1.12-1.19]c	1.11 [1.07-1.14]c
4-6 hours		1.34 [1.29-1.39]c	1.21 [1.17-1.26]c
> 6 hours		1.72 [1.65-1.79]c	1.49 [1.43-1.56]c
Eating three meals on time
Yes			1.00
Basically			1.61 [1.57-1.67]c
No			1.89 [1.78-2.00]c
Midnight snack
No			1.00
Occasionally			1.26 [1.23-1.30] c
Often			1.21 [1.13-1.30] c
Overeating
Yes			1.00
No			0.59 [0.56-0.62]c
Social engagement
No or 1-2 times/month			1.00
1-2 times/week			1.04 [1.01-1.08]a
timesweek			1.09 [1.03-1.17]b
Sugary drinks
No			1.00
Yes			1.30 [1.27-1.34]c
Smoking
No			1.00
Yes			0.94 [0.91-0.96]c
Alcohol
No			1.00
Moderate			0.95 [0.92-0.98]b
Excessive			0.94 [0.90-0.98]b
DDS
1-5			1.00
8-9			0.91 [0.84-0.98]b

Model 1: adjusted for age, gender, marriage, and BMI; Model 2: further adjusted for physical activity and sedentary; Model 3: further adjusted for dietary habits and DDS

Abbreviations: CI confidence interval, DDS Dietary Diversity Scale, OR odds ratio;

^ap< 0.05; ^bp< 0.01; ^cp< 0.001