Table 1.
Main characteristics of included studies
| Author(s), year | Study design | Time interval | Country | Risk of bias | Hospitalized / Non-hospitalized | Hospitalization time (days) | Sample Number | Age Average (years old) | Sex F N(%) / M N(%) | Mortality N (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balkema CA et al., 2016 [26] | Prospective Observational Cohort | 2012–2013 | South Africa | Low | Hospitalized | 11 | 26 | 34.8 | 18 (69.2) / 8 (30.8) | 12 (46.1) |
| Patterson S et al., 2015 [27] | Prospective Cohort | 1996–2012 | Canada | Moderate | Non-hospitalized | NA | 993 | 41 | 186 (18.7) / 807 (81.3) | 781 (78.6) |
| Zhao Y et al., 2017 [28] | Prospective Observational Cohort | 01/2011–12/2011 | China | Low | Non-hospitalized | NA | 101 | 38 | 17 (16.8) / 84 (83.2) | 73 (72.2) |
| Coelho L et al., 2016 9 [29] | Observational Cohort | 2000–2011 | Brazil | Low | Hospitalized | NM | 103 | 35.6 | 38 (36.8) / 65 (63.2) | 64 (62.1) |
| Chichom MA et al., 2015 [30] | Prospective Observational Cohort | 2009–2013 | Cameroon | Low | Hospitalized | 30 | 9 | 36 | 1 (11.1) / 8 (88.9) | 4 (44.4) |
| Fekade D et al., 2017 [31] | Prospective Observational Cohort | 2009–2013 | Ethiopia | Low | Hospitalized | NM | 101 | 33 | 61 (60.3) / 40 (39.7) | 55 (54.4) |
| Songkhla MN et al., 2019 [32] | Multicenter Prospective Cohort | 2015–2017 | Thailand | Moderate | Hospitalized | NM | 41 | 39 | 16 (39.0) / 25 (61.0) | 35 (85.3) |
| Caceres DH et al., 2016 [33] | Multicenter Prospective Cohort | 2008–2011 | Colombia | Low | Hospitalized | NM | 14 | 35.2 | 9 (64.2) 5 (35.8) | 12 (85.7) |
| Sudfeld CR et al., 2013 [34] | Prospective Cohort | 2006–2009 | Tanzania | Low | Hospitalized | NM | 195 | * | 136 (69.7) 59 (30.3) | 99 (50.7) |
| Mugusi SF et al., 2012 [35] | Prospective Cohort | 2007–2010 | Tanzania | Low | Non-hospitalized | NA | 54 | 39.3 | 31 (57.4) 23 (42.6) | 49 (90.7) |
Caption: NA: Not applicable; NM: Not mentioned; *The study does not refer to the average age of the participants. Reports by category > 30 years (15.3% of the sample), 30 to 39 years (48.4%), 40 to 50 years (26.7%) and > 50 years (9.7%). Source: the authors (2023)