Table 6.
Results of multiple regression analysis of concerns about COVID-19
| Independent variables (Ref) | Overall concerns | Direct concerns | Indirect concerns | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | |
| Sex (Male) | |||||||||
| Female | 0.19 (.00)*** | 0.19 (.00)*** | 0.16 (.00)*** | 0.26 (.00)*** | 0.26 (.00)*** | 0.23 (.00)*** | 0.15 (.00)*** | 0.14 (.00)*** | 0.12 (.00)*** |
| Age (y) (19–39) | |||||||||
| 40–59 | -0.04 (.00)*** | -0.04 (.00)*** | -0.04 (.00)*** | 0.02 (.01)** | 0.01 (.01) | 0.01 (.01) | -0.07 (.01)*** | -0.07 (.01)*** | -0.07 (.01)*** |
| ≥ 60 | 0.04 (.01)*** | 0.04 (.01)*** | 0.04 (.01)*** | 0.15 (.01)*** | 0.13 (.01)*** | 0.14 (.01)*** | -0.04 (.01)*** | -0.02 (.01)** | -0.02 (.01)** |
| Occupation (Unemployed) | |||||||||
| White collar | -0.01 (.00)** | -0.02 (.00)*** | 0.00 (.00) | -0.06 (.01)*** | -0.06 (.01)*** | -0.04 (.01)*** | 0.02 (.01)** | 0.01 (.01) | 0.02 (.01)*** |
| Pink collar | 0.03 (.01)*** | 0.03 (.01)*** | 0.04 (.01)*** | -0.05 (.01)*** | -0.04 (.01)*** | -0.03 (.01)*** | 0.08 (.01)*** | 0.08 (.01)*** | 0.08 (.01)*** |
| Blue collar | 0.02 (.00)*** | 0.03 (.00)*** | 0.04 (.00)*** | -0.03 (.01)*** | -0.02 (.01)** | -0.01 (.01) | 0.06 (.01)*** | 0.06 (.01)*** | 0.07 (.01)*** |
| Income (≤ 1800) | |||||||||
| ≤ 3600 | 0.00 (.01) | 0.02 (.01)** | 0.02 (.01)*** | -0.01 (.01) | 0.01 (.01) | 0.01 (.01)* | 0.01 (.01) | 0.02 (.01)*** | 0.02 (.01)*** |
| ≤ 6000 | -0.03 (.01)*** | -0.01 (.01) | -0.01 (.01) | -0.04 (.01)*** | -0.01 (.01) | -0.01 (.01) | -0.02 (.01)*** | -0.01 (.01) | 0.00 (.01) |
| > 6000 | -0.08 (.01)*** | -0.06 (.01)*** | -0.05 (.01)*** | -0.07 (.01)*** | -0.04 (.01)*** | -0.03 (.01)*** | -0.09 (.01)*** | -0.07 (.01)*** | -0.06 (.01)*** |
| Education (College or over) | |||||||||
| High | 0.07 (.00)*** | 0.06 (.00)*** | 0.06 (.00)*** | 0.09 (.01)*** | 0.08 (.01)*** | 0.08 (.01)*** | 0.05 (.00)*** | 0.05 (.00)*** | 0.05 (.00)*** |
| Middle or low | 0.19 (.01)*** | 0.17 (.01)*** | 0.17 (.01)*** | 0.21 (.01)*** | 0.18 (.01)*** | 0.18 (.01)*** | 0.17 (.01)*** | 0.16 (.01)*** | 0.16 (.01)*** |
| Marital status (Single) | |||||||||
| Separated, divorced, and widowed | 0.14 (.01)*** | 0.12 (.01)*** | 0.11 (.01)*** | 0.13 (.01)*** | 0.11 (.01)*** | 0.10 (.01)*** | 0.15 (.01)*** | 0.13 (.01)*** | 0.11 (.01)*** |
| Married | 0.23 (.01)*** | 0.22 (.00)*** | 0.20 (.00)*** | 0.20 (.01)*** | 0.18 (.01)*** | 0.17 (.01)*** | 0.25 (.01)*** | 0.24 (.01)*** | 0.22 (.01)*** |
| Region (Metropolitan area) | |||||||||
| Jeolla Province | 0.03 (.01)*** | 0.04 (.01)*** | 0.04 (.01)*** | 0.10 (.01)*** | 0.10 (.01)*** | 0.09 (.01)*** | -0.01 (.01) | 0.00 (.01) | 0.00 (.01) |
| Gyeongsang Province | -0.01 (.00)* | 0.00 (.00) | 0.02 (.00)*** | -0.04 (.00)*** | -0.03 (.00)*** | -0.01 (.00) | 0.01 (.00)* | 0.02 (.00)*** | 0.04 (.00)*** |
| Chungcheong Province | 0.10 (.01)*** | 0.10 (.01)*** | 0.11 (.01)*** | 0.11 (.01)*** | 0.12 (.01)*** | 0.13 (.01)*** | 0.09 (.01)*** | 0.10 (.01)*** | 0.11 (.01)*** |
| Gangwon Province | 0.08 (.01)*** | 0.09 (.01)*** | 0.09 (.01)*** | 0.07 (.01)*** | 0.07 (.01)*** | 0.08 (.01)*** | 0.09 (.01)*** | 0.10 (.01)*** | 0.11 (.01)*** |
| Jeju Island | -0.14 (.02)*** | -0.14 (.01)*** | -0.15 (.01)*** | -0.22 (.02)*** | -0.22 (.02)*** | -0.24 (.02)*** | -0.08 (.02)*** | -0.08 (.02)*** | -0.09 (.02)*** |
| Subjective health (Good) | |||||||||
| Poor | 0.09 (.01)*** | 0.09 (.01)*** | 0.16 (.01)*** | 0.15 (.01)*** | 0.05 (.01)*** | 0.05 (.01)*** | |||
| Subjective stress (Low) | |||||||||
| High | 0.16 (.00)*** | 0.15 (.00)*** | 0.14 (.00)*** | 0.13 (.00)*** | 0.18 (.00)*** | 0.16 (.00)*** | |||
Standard errors are presented in parentheses. Unit of annual household income: 10,000 KRW
Model 1: Sociodemographic variables
Model 2: Sociodemographic and health-related variables
Model 3: Sociodemographic, health-related, and COVID-19 related variables
*p < 0.5
**p < 0.01
***p < 0.001