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. 2024 Jan 3;43:10. doi: 10.1186/s13046-023-02918-4

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 6 — Changes in serum chemokine levels as early biomarkers of response to anti-HER2 antibody-based neoadjuvant treatment in HER2-positive primary breast cancer. CCL5, CXCL9 and CXCL10 levels were analysed by ELISA in longitudinal serum samples from HER2-positive breast cancer patients undergoing anti-HER2 antibody-based neoadjuvant treatment. Samples were obtained prior to treatment initiation (baseline, n = 79), after 3 chemotherapy cycles (Post-chemo; n = 32). A Scheme indicating the number of baseline and paired longitudinal serum samples for each time point; the percentage of pathological complete response (pCR) in each patient group; and patients with TILs and TI-NK cell data available. B CCL5, CXCL9 and CXCL10 levels in paired baseline (pre) and post-chemotherapy (post) serum samples in patients stratified as good (G4 and G5) or poor (G1-3) responders to anti-HER2 antibody-based neoadjuvant treatment by Miller and Payne criteria. C TIL score and TI-NK cell numbers in diagnostic biopsies of the analysed cohort, stratified by response to treatment according to Miller and Payne. Statistical significance by Mann Whitney U test is indicated. D Spearman correlation coefficient between baseline TIL score and TI-NK cell numbers and post-chemotherapy CCL5; CXCL9 and CXCL10. Significant correlations are indicated