Table 1.
Descriptive statistics (n = 1,537)
| Total | Education | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Variable | Mean (SD) / N (%) |
Low (N = 680) |
Intermediate (N = 424) |
High (N = 433) |
p-value | |
| Age | 62.7 (7.8) | 64.3 (7.2) | 61.4 (8.2) | 62.4 (7.7) | < 0.001 | |
| Sex | Female | 413(33.6%) | 269 (39.6%) | 132 (31.1%) | 100 (23.1%) | |
| Male | 1,036 (67.4%) | 411 (60.4%) | 292 (68.9%) | 333 (76.9%) | < 0.001 | |
| Marital status | Single | 112 (7.3%) | 48 (7.1%) | 30 (7.1%) | 34 (7.9%) | |
| Married, domestic partnership, civil union or living together | 1,226 (79.7%) | 526 (77.4%) | 347 (81.8%) | 364 (79.9%) | ||
| Widowed | 87 (5.7%) | 55 (8.1%) | 21 (5.0%) | 11 (2.5%) | ||
| Divorced, Separated | 109 (7.1%) | 51 (7.5%) | 26 (6.1%) | 32 (7.4%) | 0.026 | |
| Household income (median/IQR) | €1679,- (€1049,-) | €1503,- (€685,-) | €1856,- (€840,-) | €2210,- (€1113,-) | < 0.001 | |
| Highest completed education | 680 (44.2%) | 424 (27.6%) | 433 (28.2%) | |||
| Occupation status | Low | 278 (43.9%) | 176 (69.3%) | 88 (47.3%) | 14 (7.3%) | |
| Intermediate | 198 (31.3%) | 65 (25.6%) | 61 (32.8%) | 72 (37.3%) | ||
| High | 157 (24.8%) | 13 (5.1%) | 37 (19.9%) | 107 (55.4%) | < 0.001 | |
| HbA1c -level (mmol/mol) | 50.0 (11.3) | 50.9 (10.9) | 50.6 (11.4) | 49.4 (11.8) | 0.084 | |
| Smoking | Never | 473 (30.8%) | 193 (28.4%) | 136 (32.1%) | 144 (33.3%) | |
| Former | 856 (55.7%) | 378 (55.6%) | 237 (55.9%) | 241 (55.7%) | ||
| Current | 208 (13.5%) | 109 (16.0%) | 51 (12.0%) | 48 (11.1%) | 0.087 | |
| Self-reported MVPA (hours/week) | 4.3 (4.2) | 3.7 (4.0) | 4.8 (4.4) | 4.9 (4.2) | < 0.001 | |
| Diet score, including alcohol intake (DHD) | 80.5 (14.8) | 79.3 (14.8) | 80.4 (14.7) | 82.6 (14.7) | 0.001 | |
| Physical Component Score (SF-36) | 47.1 (9.5) | 45.0 (10.1) | 47.4 (9.0) | 49.9 (7.9) | < 0.001 | |
| Mental Component Score (SF-36) | 53.5 (8.5) | 53.2 (8.5) | 53.9 (8.2) | 53.6 (8.8) | 0.401 | |
| Impact on Participation and Autonomy score (IPA) | 79.7 (17.6) | 76.9 (18.7) | 80.5 (16.5) | 83.5 (16.0) | < 0.001 | |
Low education: No education, (un)completed primary education, or lower vocational education. Intermediate education: intermediate vocational education or higher secondary education. High education: higher vocational education or university education. HbA1c-levels: level of glycated hemoglobin, average blood sugar level. MVPA: moderate to vigorous physical activity. DHD: Dutch Healthy Diet. SF-36: Short form health survey