Table 1.
Relative change in the monthly rate of healthcare utilization related to chronic diseases before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
| Outcome | Utilization rate before the COVID-19 pandemic Mean (SD) |
Utilization rate during COVID-19 pandemic Mean (SD) |
Relative Change in utilization rates before and during COVID-19 pandemice | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hospital Outpatient | Hospital Inpatient | PHC Outpatient | Hospital Outpatient | Hospital Inpatient | PHC Outpatient | Hospital Outpatient | Hospital Inpatient | PHC Outpatient | |
| Overall rate at national levela | 286.90 (67.43) | 31.47 (3.36) | 499.99 (15.95) | 243.77 (38.56) | 20.56 (4.05) | 539.35 (75.68) | -15.03% | -34.67% | 7.8% |
| Overall rate across different Regionsb | |||||||||
| Region 1 | 338.50 (78.68) | 31.96 (3.56) | 562.36 (174.43) | 287.09 (43.15) | 21.39 (4.65) | 604.12 (85.22) | -15.19% | -33.07% | 7.43% |
| Region 2 | 287.07 (64.62) | 28.57 (4.13) | 504.50 (153.15) | 238.16 (40.60) | 19.40 (3.42) | 536.22 (74.00) | -17.04% | -32.10% | 6.29% |
| Region 3 | 195.11 (54.25) | 34.81 (4.13) | 430.63 (155.79) | 174.13 (33.99) | 21.11 (4.14) | 477.68 (66.45) | -10.75% | -39.36% | 10.93% |
| Region 4 | 240.52 (60.80) | 32.37 (4.96) | 382.76 (137.97) | 202.98 (36.08) | 19.32 (4.22) | 401.09 (62.94) | -15.61% | -40.32% | 4.79% |
| Region 5 | 94.01 (15.37) | 19.55 (3.13) | 140.86 (46.54) | 76.05 (12.75) | 13.21 (3.20) | 172.89 (26.68) | -19.10% | -32.43% | 22.74% |
| Rates among chronic disease patients across diagnosis groupsc | |||||||||
| (1) No CVDs, but with single chronic morbidity | 102.22 (24.51) | 12.28 (1.27) | 314.53 (98.86) | 76.83 (15.42) | 7.89 (1.51) | 325.75 (51.15) | -24.84% | -35.75% | 3.57% |
| (2) No CVDs, but with multimorbidity | 61.94 (10.88) | 7.62 (0.81) | 89.56 (20.02) | 47.70 (7.23) | 4.73 (0.88) | 84.65 (10.51) | -22.99% | -37.93% | -5.48% |
| (3) CVDs, but no comorbidity | 21.69 (5.29) | 2.63 (0.40) | 23.69 (11.11) | 16.39 (2.81) | 1.54 (0.32) | 30.73 (4.00) | -24.44% | -41.44% | 29.72% |
| (4) CVDs and one comorbidity | 37.93 (12.48) | 3.56 (0.61) | 32.33 (14.77) | 38.54 (5.76) | 2.58 (0.76) | 44.64 (5.19) | 1.61% | -27.53% | 38.08% |
| (5) CVDs and multimorbidity | 63.10 (16.84) | 5.36 (1.04) | 39.87 (16.34) | 64.28 (8.03) | 3.79 (0.76) | 53.56 (5.61) | 1.87% | -29.29% | 34.34% |
| Rates among patients with CVDs and multimorbidity across regionsd | |||||||||
| Region 1 | 77.72 (18.87) | 5.88 (1.08) | 44.87 (18.06) | 77.70 (9.40) | 3.97 (0.81) | 60.94 (6.10) | -0.03% | -32.48% | 35.81% |
| Region 2 | 59.55 (18.11) | 4.57 (1.37) | 43.58 (17.93) | 60.73 (8.09) | 3.86 (1.15) | 57.27 (6.86) | 1.98% | -15.54% | 31.41% |
| Region 3 | 36.75 (14.78) | 4.95 (1.39) | 32.36 (14.03) | 44.25 (6.06) | 3.77 (0.88) | 43.61 (5.65) | 20.41% | -23.84% | 34.77% |
| Region 4 | 51.77 (17.49) | 5.45 (2.09) | 31.09 (15.27) | 43.93 (7.46) | 3.33 (0.75) | 35.35 (3.37) | -15.14% | -38.90% | 13.70% |
| Region 5 | 17.41 (6.63) | 2.85 (1.28) |
9.71 (5.02) |
17.49 (3.60) | 2.09 (1.05) | 14.57 (2.12) | 0.46% | -26.67% | 50.05% |
The monthly rate was presented per 10,000 NHI members
aNumerator was the number of visits with chronic diseases (overall group). The denominator was the number of NHI members at the national level. PHC = Primary Healthcare
bNumerator was the number of visits with chronic diseases (overall group). The denominator was the number of NHI members at the regional level
cNumerator was the number of visits with chronic diseases in each group. The denominator was the number of NHI members at the national level
dThe numerator was the number of visits by NHI members with CVDs and multimorbidity per region, and the denominator was the total NHI member population per region. See Supplementary Figure S2 for details about the regions
e