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. 2024 Jan 2;16(1):2297872. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2023.2297872

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© 2024 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

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Figure 6. — Butyrate enhances ILC3 responses and intestinal IL-22 signaling. (a) absolute numbers of live lin⁻CD45^intCD90.2⁺RORγt⁺ ILC3 in the colonic (left) and small intestine (right) lamina propria on day 4 post-infection. N = 8–9. (b) percentage of IL-22, IL-17, and IFN-γ content in small intestine ILC3 from infected mice after ex vivo stimulation with IL-1β/IL-23. N = 6. (c, d) relative mRNA expression of antimicrobial peptides (c) and mucin (d) genes in isolated colonic epithelial cells on day 4 post-infection. N = 8. (e, f) analysis of mucus density by lectin-UEA-1 in situ hybridization in the proximal colon on day 4 post-infection. Blue = DAPI, red = lectin-UEA-1, and green = bacteria probe. Scale bars = 100 µm. N = 5. All results are representative of at least two independent experiments and presented as mean ± SEM.