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. 2023 Nov 23;13(1):2287682. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2287682

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© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

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Figure 2. — Hemagglutinin inhibition (HI) titres of SPF chickens after immunization and survival rates of chickens after challenge. Chickens were subcutaneously immunized with 40 μg of H5N1 VLP vaccine (adjuvanted with ISA 201 or ISA 71) or commercial vaccine. (A, C) The serum samples from each group of vaccinated chickens were collected at 3 weeks post-vaccination, HI titres against H5N1-SD57 virus. The HI titres among vaccination groups were compared using an unpaired t-test. Statistically significant differences are indicated by **p < 0.01. (B, D) At 3 weeks post-vaccination, groups of chickens were intranasally challenged with 10^6.0 EID₅₀ of the homologous H5N1-SD57 virus. Survival rates of chickens were measured daily for 14 days after challenge. PBS group (n = 5), vaccine group (n = 10).