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. 2023 Nov 23;13(1):2287682. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2287682

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© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

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Figure 5. — HI and neutralizing antibody titres of serum from vaccinated chickens. The serum samples from each group of vaccinated chickens were collected at 3 weeks post-vaccination. (A) HI titres against H5N1-SD57 virus. (B) HI titres against H5N1-D889 virus. (C) Neutralizing antibodies from each group (n = 4) were measured by neutralization assay, neutralizing antibodies titres against 100 TCID₅₀ of H5N1-D889 virus. (D) HI titres against H5N1-SD57 virus induced by 40, 60, and 80 μg of adjuvanted H5N1 VLP vaccine. (E) HI titres against H5N1-D889 virus induced by 40, 60, and 80 μg of adjuvanted H5N1 VLP vaccine. (F) Neutralizing antibodies titres against H5N1-D889 virus induced by 40, 60, and 80 μg of adjuvanted H5N1 VLP vaccine. PBS group (n = 5), vaccine group (n = 10). The HI antibody titres among vaccination groups were compared using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple-comparison test. The neutralizing antibody titres among vaccination groups were compared using Mann–Whitney U test. Statistically significant differences are indicated by *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, or ****p < 0.0001.