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. 2023 Nov 8;13(1):2281356. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2281356

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© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

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Figure 4. — Serology of SARS-CoV-2 infected calves. Indirect ELISAs using in-house produced recombinant SARS-CoV-2/Delta receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein (A) and SARS-CoV-2/Wuhan-like nucleocapsid (N) protein (B), for detection of SARS-CoV-2 specific antibodies in cattle sera (Bold et al. 2022). The cut-off (dotted line) was determined by the average OD value of negative serum samples (n = 12) collected from cattle in 2014 + 3X the standard deviation. Serum was also tested for the presence of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies using a classic virus neutralization assay employing the Delta VOC (C) or Omicron BA.2 VOC (data not shown) with serum dilutions starting at 1:8 (dotted line). Data is represented as log2 of the reciprocal of the dilution where one of two replicates exhibited 100% neutralization of the input virus (1000 TCID₅₀/mL). Likewise, serum was tested for the presence of neutralizing antibodies for bovine coronavirus (D) using the Mebus strain of Bovine Coronavirus.