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. 2023 Nov 8;13(1):2281356. doi: 10.1080/22221751.2023.2281356

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© 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The terms on which this article has been published allow the posting of the Accepted Manuscript in a repository by the author(s) or with their consent.

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Figure 5. — Histopathology of 3 DPC respiratory tissues from calf HT1. At 3 DPC, (A) in the trachea, there was mild and segmental attenuation of the respiratory epithelium with loss of cilia, lymphocyte and/or neutrophil transmigration through the epithelium, individual cellular degeneration and necrosis, and occasional accumulation of cellular debris on the epithelial surface (arrowhead). Dense sheets of mononuclear inflammatory cells expanded into the lamina propria and commonly follicular aggregates of lymphocytes, plasma cells and macrophages arranged into loose aggregates or partially organized follicular structures; SARS-CoV-2 antigen was not detected by IHC (insert). (B) Similar segmental attenuation of the respiratory epithelium was noted in the bronchi with cellular degeneration/necrosis of individual epithelial cells, lymphocytic and neutrophilic transmigration. Loose infiltrates of lymphocytes and a lesser number of neutrophils were observed in the superficial mucosa and mixed lymphocytic and histiocytic infiltrates, many arranged in follicular aggregates expanding into the superficial and deep lamina propria; SARS-CoV-2 viral antigen was not detected (insert). (C) The rostral turbinates were characterized by lymphoplasmacytic or neutrophilic rhinitis with epithelial transmigration of inflammatory cells (arrowhead) and segmental loss of cilia. Mixed lymphocytic and histiocytic inflammation multifocally expanded the subjacent lamina propria and the interstitium separating submucosal glands. IHC for SARS-CoV-2 viral antigen was negative (insert). (D) The olfactory mucosa contained similar lymphoplasmacytic or histiocytic inflammation within the lamina propria and the interstitum separating submucosal glands; SARS-CoV-2 viral antigen was not detected (insert). H&E and Fast Red, 40× total magnification.