Table 1.
Baseline clinical characteristics of study subjects with and without incident myocardial infarction and heart failure.
| No myocardial infarction (n = 4218) | Incident myocardial infarction (n = 440) | No incident heart failure (n = 4432) | Incident heart failure (n = 189) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 57.2 ± 5.9 | 59.8 ± 5.5*** | 57.2 ± 5.9 | 61.1 ± 5.0*** |
| Sex (n (%) males) | 1575 (37.3) | 254 (57.7)*** | 1712 (38.6) | 96 (50.8)*** |
| Current smoking (n (%)) | 890 (21.1) | 113 (25.7)* | 951 (21.5) | 44 (23.3) |
| Diabetes (n (%)) | 143 (3.4) | 42 (9.5)*** | 161 (3.6) | 19 (10.1)*** |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.5 ± 3.9 | 26.6 ± 4.2*** | 25.5 ± 3.8 | 27.8 ± 5.2*** |
| fB-glucose (mmol/L) | 5.08 ± 1.18 | 5.57 ± 1.97*** | 5.10 ± 1.21 | 5.62 ± 1.86*** |
| HbA1c (%) | 4.86 ± 0.66 | 5.12 ± 1.05*** | 4.86 ± 0.69 | 5.18 ± 0.92*** |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 4.15 ± 0.98 | 4.35 ± 0.91*** | 4.17 ± 0.98 | 4.14 ± 0.97 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.41 ± 0.37 | 1.26 ± 0.35*** | 1.40 ± 0.37 | 1.32 ± 0.36* |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.13 (0.85-1.55) | 1.30 (0.96-1.80)*** | 1.14 (0.85-1.56) | 1.21 (0.91-1.69)* |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 140 ± 19 | 149 ± 19*** | 140 ± 19 | 150 ± 21*** |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 86 ± 9 | 90 ± 10*** | 86 ± 9 | 90 ± 9*** |
| hsCRP (mg/L) | 1.30 (0.60-2.70) | 1.70 (0.90-3.30)*** | 1.30 (0.60-2.70) | 2.00 (1.00-4.40)*** |
| LOX-1 (NPX) | 4.09 ± 0.63 | 4.22 ± 0.65*** | 4.10 ± 0.63 | 4.20 ± 0.71* |
| TRAIL-R2 (NPX) | 1.28 ± 0.44 | 1.38 ± 0.44*** | 1.28 ± 0.44 | 1.43 ± 0.41*** |
| Caspace-8 (NPX) | 1.52 ± 0.70 | 1.79 ± 0.77*** | 1.54 ± 0.70 | 1.57 ± 0.80 |
| PECAM-1 (NPX) | 6.30 ± 0.52 | 6.36 ± 0.52* | 6.31 ± 0.52 | 6.28 ± 0.50 |
| PlGF (NPX) | 6.99 ± 0.42 | 7.11 ± 0.4*** | 7.00 ± 0.42 | 7.09 ± 0.43** |
Variables with normal distribution are shown as mean and standard deviation and statistical differences between groups calculated by Student’s t-test. Variables with skewed distribution are shown as median and interquartile range and statistical differences between groups calculated by Mann-Whitney U-test. Statistical differences between categorical variables were analyzed by chi-square test. BMI; body mass index; f-glucose; fasting glucose; HbA1c; hemoglobin A1c, LDL-C; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; hsCRP; high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. Diabetes included both type 1 and type 2. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.005 and ***p < 0.001 as compared with the respective group without event. Thirty-six subjects that developed heart failure after suffering myocardial infarction were excluded from the analyses of incident heart failure.