Table 1. Weighted characteristics of study samples based on sex.
| Males (n = 4434) | Females (n = 1525) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Testosterone (ng/dL) | 403.32 (304.00, 525.34) | 22.30 (15.50, 30.80) | <0.001 |
| Total percent fat (%) | 27.09 ± 6.07 | 38.67 ± 6.33 | <0.001 |
| Android percent fat (%) | 31.36 ± 8.32 | 38.68 ± 8.31 | <0.001 |
| Gynoid percent fat (%) | 28.63 ± 5.64 | 42.29 ± 5.28 | <0.001 |
| Android to gynoid ratio | 1.09 ± 0.18 | 0.91 ± 0.15 | <0.001 |
| Lean mass percent (%) | 69.87 ± 5.64 | 58.48 ± 5.85 | <0.001 |
| Age (years) | 38.26 ± 12.28 | 35.73 ± 12.26 | <0.001 |
| Ratio of family income to poverty | 2.11 (1.06–4.12) | 1.49 (0.82–3.17) | <0.001 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.41 ± 5.84 | 28.99 ± 7.68 | <0.01 |
| Arm circumference (cm) | 34.39 ± 4.31 | 31.98 ± 5.64 | <0.001 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 99.01 ± 15.41 | 94.86 ± 17.59 | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.92 ± 1.08 | 4.76 ± 0.98 | <0.001 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.42 (0.91–2.33) | 1.12 (0.74–1.71) | <0.001 |
| HDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 1.23 ± 0.34 | 1.44 ± 0.39 | <0.001 |
| LDL Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 2.97 ± 0.90 | 2.81 ± 0.88 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine (μmol/L) | 83.10 (74.26–92.82) | 60.11 (52.16–68.07) | <0.001 |
| Blood urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 4.64 (3.57–5.36) | 3.93 (3.21–4.64) | <0.001 |
| Serum uric acid (μmol/L) | 358.48 ± 71.73 | 273.42 ± 62.90 | <0.001 |
| Energy intake (kcal) | 2510.07 ± 903.12 | 1812.64 ± 703.12 | <0.001 |
| Protein intake (g) | 99.50 ± 41.28 | 70.31 ± 29.61 | <0.001 |
| Carbohydrate intake (g) | 294.03 ± 118.90 | 226.34 ± 92.84 | <0.001 |
| Fat intake (g) | 95.44 ± 42.03 | 69.20 ± 33.64 | <0.001 |
| Race (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Hispanic | 18.25 | 27.34 | |
| Non-Hispanic White | 62.18 | 44.53 | |
| Non-Hispanic Black | 10.55 | 13.10 | |
| Others | 9.02 | 15.03 | |
| Hypertension (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 22.81 | 17.33 | |
| No | 77.19 | 82.67 | |
| Hypercholesteremia(%) | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 27.47 | 17.35 | |
| No | 72.53 | 82.65 | |
| Diabetes (%) | 0.34 | ||
| Yes | 8.90 | 8.05 | |
| No | 91.10 | 91.95 | |
| Smoking status (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 45.76 | 27.00 | |
| No | 54.24 | 73.00 | |
| Vigorous work activity (%) | <0.001 | ||
| Yes | 33.27 | 14.78 | |
| No | 66.73 | 85.22 |
Notes: Mean ± SD and median (Q1, Q3) for continuous variables, p-values were obtained using the weighted linear regression model and Kruskal-Wallis rank sum test. % for categorical variables and P value was calculated by weighted chi-square test.