Table 3. The association between body composition and testosterone (ng/dL) of participants with BMI ≥ 30.

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3
	β (95% CI) P value	β (95% CI) P value	β (95% CI) P value
Total
TPF (%)	-16.88 (-17.79, -15.97) <0.001	-5.57 (-6.70, -4.44) <0.001	-5.32 (-6.47, -4.16) <0.001
APF (%)	-14.51 (-15.65, -13.37) <0.001	-5.04 (-6.03, -4.04) <0.001	-4.82 (-5.83, -3.80) <0.001
GPF (%)	-14.80 (-15.68, -13.92) <0.001	-2.88 (-3.99, -1.77) <0.001	-2.86 (-3.98, -1.73) <0.001
A/G	355.57 (305.74, 405.40) <0.001	-123.59 (-165.31, -81.87) <0.001	-111.92 (-154.41, -69.43) <0.001
LMP (%)	17.56 (16.62, 18.50) <0.001	5.63 (4.44, 6.82) <0.001	5.37 (4.15, 6.58) <0.001
Sex
Males
TPF (%)	-6.74 (-8.19, -5.29) <0.001	-6.80 (-8.26, -5.33) <0.001	-6.54 (-8.04, -5.04) <0.001
APF (%)	-6.27 (-7.56, -4.98) <0.001	-6.29 (-7.59, -4.99) <0.001	-6.07 (-7.39, -4.74) <0.001
GPF (%)	-3.40 (-4.84, -1.96) <0.001	-3.61 (-5.09, -2.14) <0.001	-3.61 (-5.10, -2.12) <0.001
A/G	-143.20 (-194.59, -91.81) <0.001	-147.85 (-201.21, -94.48) <0.001	-131.90 (-186.31, -77.48) <0.001
LMP (%)	6.81 (5.28, 8.34) <0.001	6.87 (5.32, 8.41) <0.001	6.59 (5.01, 8.17) <0.001
Females
TPF (%)	0.07 (-0.29, 0.43) 0.72	0.14 (-0.22, 0.49) 0.46	0.19 (-0.18, 0.56) 0.31
APF (%)	0.19 (-0.11, 0.49) 0.220	0.18 (-0.12, 0.48) 0.24	0.21 (-0.10, 0.51) 0.18
GPF (%)	0.03 (-0.29, 0.36) 0.85	-0.02 (-0.34, 0.31) 0.92	0.05 (-0.28, 0.38) 0.7736
A/G	10.39 (-4.31, 25.08) 0.17	13.01 (-1.47, 27.48) 0.08	12.00 (-3.02, 27.01) 0.12
LMP (%)	-0.06 (-0.44, 0.32) 0.77	-0.12 (-0.50, 0.26) 0.53	-0.18 (-0.57, 0.21) 0.36

Notes: No covariate was adjusted in Model 1. Model 2 indicates that analysis was adjusted for age, sex, and race. Model 3 indicates model 2 adjustment plus the adjustment for hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesteremia, smoking status, vigorous work activity.

Sex was not adjusted in the sex-stratified subgroup analyses.