Table 4. Crude & adjusted analysis of factors associated with unmet need for modern contraception among sexually active adolescent girls and young women in need of modern contraception in 2004/05, 2010 and 2015/16 (N = 7,525).
| Variable | TDHS 2004/05 | TDHS 2010 | TDHS 2015/16 | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CPR (95% CI) | APR (95% CI) | CPR (95% CI) | APR (95% CI) | CPR (95% CI) | APR (95% CI) | |
| Age | ||||||
| 15–19 | 0.91 (0.78, 1.06) | 1.28 (1.06, 1.55) * | 0.83 (0.69, 0.99) * | 1.24 (0.99, 1.55) | 0.94 (0.83, 1.07) | 1.27 (1.07, 1.51) ** |
| 20–24 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Area of residence | ||||||
| Urban | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Rural | 1.20 (0.96, 1.51) | 0.88 (0.71, 1.09) | 1.26 (1.01, 1.56) * | 0.87 (0.67, 1.12) | 1.17 (0.98, 1.38) | 0.81 (0.66, 0.98) * |
| Zone | ||||||
| Western | 1.00 (0.77, 1.29) | 1.00 (0.78, 1.27) | 1.07 (0.79, 1.46) | 1.04 (0.80, 1.36) | 0.86 (0.67, 1.11) | 0.87 (0.69, 1.10) |
| Northern | 0.71 (0.54, 0.93) * | 0.82 (0.62, 1.07) | 0.84 (0.62, 1.15) | 0.90 (0.66, 1.23) | 0.77 (0.56, 1.07) | 0.95 (0.74, 1.21) |
| Central | 1.01 (0.81, 1.27) | 1.14 (0.90, 1.43) | 0.99 (0.76, 1.29) | 0.89 (0.68, 1.16) | 0.75 (0.58, 0.98) * | 0.74 (0.58, 0.94) * |
| Southern Highlands | 0.74 (0.58, 0.94) * | 0.93 (0.70, 1.24) | 0.69 (0.51, 0.93) * | 0.78 (0.54, 1.11) | 0.77 (0.60, 0.98) * | 0.84 (0.64, 1.11) |
| Southern | 0.86 (0.65, 1.14) | 1.04 (0.79, 1.37) | 0.79 (0.54, 1.17) | 0.77 (0.53, 1.11) | 0.43 (0.30, 0.61) *** | 0.46 (0.31, 0.69) *** |
| South West Highlands | 0.66 (0.46, 0.94) * | 0.68 (0.50, 1.06) * | 0.74 (0.53, 1.03) | 0.69 (0.46, 1.04) | 0.70 (0.52, 0.93) * | 0.67 (0.50, 0.90) ** |
| Lake | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Eastern | 0.70 (0.51, 0.95) * | 0.87 (0.73, 1.04) | 0.71 (0.53, 0.94) * | 0.84 (0.63, 1.14) | 0.71 (0.55, 0.90) ** | 0.86 (0.68, 1.09) |
| Zanzibar | 1.09 (0.88, 1.36) | 0.65 (0.43, 0.97) * | 1.32 (1.08, 1.63) ** | 1.40 (1.09, 1.52) ** | 1.10 (0.87, 1.39) | 1.28 (1.00, 1.62) * |
| Marital Status | ||||||
| Unmarried | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Married/Cohabiting | 1.42 (1.17, 1.73) *** | 1.02 (0.83, 1.25) | 1.46 (1.23, 1.73) *** | 0.90 (0.71, 1.14) | 1.74 (1.48, 2.05) *** | 1.15 (0.92, 1.42) |
| Education level | ||||||
| No education | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Primary education | 0.83 (0.71, 0.97) * | 0.87 (0.73, 1.04) | 0.88 (0.73, 1.06) | 1.10 (0.89, 1.37) | 0.93 (0.73, 1.17) | 1.15 (0.91, 1.46) |
| Secondary and above | 0.48 (0.29, 0.78) ** | 0.65 (0.43, 0.97) * | 0.58 (0.43, 0.80) ** | 1.06 (0.74, 1.52) | 0.71 (0.55, 0.92) * | 1.22 (0.92, 1.61) |
| Currently working | ||||||
| No | 0.93 (0.77, 1.14) | 1.18 (0.97, 1.43) | 0.77 (0.62, 0.96) * | 0.99 (0.79, 1.23) | 1.05 (0.91, 1.21) | 1.13 (0.97, 1.31) |
| Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
| Wealth index | ||||||
| Poor | 1.25 (1.02, 1.51) * | 1.16 (0.94, 1.43) | 1.52 (1.25, 1.83) *** | 1.32 (1.03, 1.69) * | 1.50 (1.27, 1.76) *** | 1.46 (1.18, 1.81) ** |
| Middle | 1.30 (1.04, 1.63) * | 1.13 (0.90, 1.41) | 1.24 (0.96, 1.60) | 1.14 (0.87, 1.49) | 1.27 (1.04, 1.55) * | 1.31 (1.05, 1.65) * |
| Rich | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| FP media exposure | ||||||
| No | 1.13 (0.97, 1.33) | 1.00 (0.85, 1.18) | 1.24 (1.05, 1.47) * | 1.08 (0.91, 1.28) | 1.27 (1.10, 1.47) ** | 1.11 (0.96, 1.29) |
| Yes | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Age at sexual debut | ||||||
| ≤15 years | 1.11 (0.96, 1.29) | 0.96 (0.82, 1.11) | 1.20 (1.02, 1.42) * | 1.04 (0.87, 1.24) | 1.20 (1.04, 1.38) * | 1.10 (0.95, 1.28) |
| >15 years | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Parity | ||||||
| Nulliparous | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Primiparous | 1.62 (1.30, 2.02) *** | 1.79 (1.42, 2.27) *** | 1.71 (1.31, 2.21) *** | 1.84 (1.39, 2.44) *** | 1.77 (1.47, 2.13) *** | 1.68 (1.36, 2.09) *** |
| Multipara | 1.91 (1.51, 2.41) *** | 2.10 (1.60, 2.75) *** | 2.18 (1.68, 2.81) *** | 2.42 (1.76, 3.33) *** | 2.16 (1.78, 2.61) *** | 1.87 (1.43, 2.44) *** |
| Fertility Preference | ||||||
| Want child after 2+ years | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Wants child, unsure timing | 0.73 (0.54, 0.98) * | 1.15 (0.84, 1.57) | 0.83 (0.65, 1.06) | 1.26 (0.95, 1.66) | 0.60 (0.45, 0.80) *** | 0.96 (0.71, 1.31) |
| Undecided | 1.14 (0.81, 1.61) | 1.51 (1.06, 2.15) * | 0.79 (0.36, 1.72) | 1.23 (0.61, 2.47) | 0.77 (0.54, 1.09) | 0.96 (0.67, 1.37) |
| Want no more | 1.48 (1.19, 1.83) *** | 1.51 (1.24, 1.85) *** | 1.21 (0.91, 1.61) | 1.15 (0.84, 1.57) | 1.63 (1.29, 2.05) *** | 1.58 (1.21, 2.06) ** |
| Pregnancy terminations (abortion, stillbirths) | ||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1.08 (0.85, 1.37) | 1.03 (0.79, 1.35) | 1.19 (0.88, 1.60) | 1.11 (0.84, 1.47) | 1.05 (0.81, 1.36) | 0.92 (0.71, 1.19) |
| Sexually active past 4 weeks | ||||||
| No | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1.61 (1.37, 1.90) *** | 1.59 (1.33, 1.91) *** | 1.84 (1.53, 2.21) *** | 1.68 (1.36, 2.07) *** | 1.73 (1.49, 2.00) *** | 1.55(1.28, 1.87) *** |
* Significant at p<0.05
** Significant at p<0.01
*** Significant at p<0.001; CPR: Crude prevalence ratio; APR: Adjusted prevalence ratio