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In these figures, ‘val’ indicates validation, so ‘val_loss’ represents the loss on the validation set, and the same principle applies to other metrics (a) CNN + Original Data, (b) LSTM + Original Data, (c) CNN-LSTM + Original Data, (d) CNN + down-sampled data, (e) LSTM + down-sampled data, and (f) CNN-LSTM + down-sampled data.
