TABLE 3.

Summary of patient injuries

Device	Number of patient injuries	Injury type and management
Basket	24 (6.9%)	Retained part: 15 (4.3%)—surgery (open or PCNL/antegrade URS) Ureteral perforation: 5 (1.4%)—JJ stent Avulsion: 2, (0.6%)—open surgery Retained scope & basket: 1 (0.3%)—open surgery Bleeding: 1, (0.3%)—early termination of case
ARD	4 (23.5%)	Retained part: 4 (23.5%)—surgery (PCNL)
Guidewire	15 (19.2%)	Retained fragment: 9 (11.5%)—repeat surgery (URS/IR) Collecting system perforation: 5 (6.4%)—JJ stent Bleeding: 1 (1.3%)—early termination of case
Ureteral Access Sheath	21 (24.4%)	Ureteric perforation: 10 (11.6%)—JJ stent Retained parts 4 (4.7%)—repeat surgery (URS) Bleeding: 3 (3.5%)—early termination of case Avulsion: 3 (3.5%)—emergency open surgery Wrong side surgery: 1 (1.2%)—repeat surgery (URS)
Balloon dilator	4 (14.7%)	Ureteral perforation: 4 (14.8%)—JJ stent
Ureteral catheter	2 (12.5%)	Ureteric perforation: 1 (6.3%)—JJ stent Retained part: 1 (6.3%)—surgery (URS)

Abbreviations: IR, interventional radiology; PCNL, percutaneous nephrolithotomy; URS, ureteroscopy.