Table 3.

Comparison between CaOx stone patients and control groups in the study parameters

Marker	Ca oxalate patients	Control group	p value
Cu and Zn in blood and urine, mean ± SD
Cu(µg/L) in plasma	114.2 ± 26.9	71.5 ± 16.9	0.001
Cu(µg/L) in urine	131.7 ± 34.1	73.6 ± 15.8	0.001
Zn(µg/L) in plasma	7.9 ± 2.8	13.6 ± 3.8	0.001
Zn(µg/L) in urine	5.8 ± 1.4	14.4 ± 3.8	0.001
Cu/Zn ratio in urine	23.8 ± 8.1	5.4 ± 1.5	0.001
Cu/Zn ratio in plasma	16.3 ± 7.5	5.6 ± 1.8	0.001
Citric acid and oxalate in urine, mean ± SD
Citric acid (mg/24 h)	513.1 ± 114.3	215.4 ± 50.1	0.001
Oxalate(mg/24 h)	19.2 ± 4.3	13.2 ± 2.6	0.001
Antioxidant and oxidative stress markers in the blood, mean ± SD
GSH(mg/dl)	6.1 ± 2.2	14.7 ± 3.6	0.001
MDA(nmol/ml)	8.5 ± 2.1	2.7 ± 0.9	0.001
NO (µmol/L)	9.5 ± 3.4	2.5 ± 0.81	0.001
CAT (u/ml)	0.6 ± 0.13	0.8 ± 0.13	0.001
Gene expression by real time PCR (RT-PCR) in the blood, mean ± SD
ERK	4.5 ± 1.3	1.03 ± 0.01	0.001
P38	1.89 ± 0.58	0.94 ± 0.12	0.001
JNK	2.81 ± 0.63	1.01 ± 0.06	0.001