Table 8.
Heterogeneity analysis based on gender and education level.
| Sex | Education level | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Female | Male | Low | Middle | High | |
| (1) | (2) | (3) | (4) | (5) | |
| Digital | 2.9428*** (0.6714) | 1.1342 (0.7400) | 0.6423 (0.5427) | −0.9487 (1.4326) | −25.9688** (12.1538) |
| digital_sq | −6.3216*** (1.5297) | −2.4354*** (1.5503) | −2.2809* (1.1918) | 1.2241 (3.1113) | 50.8785* (26.7211) |
| Gender | −0.1245*** (0.0151) | −0.1869*** (0.0316) | −0.1576 (0.2556) | ||
| Education | −0.0242*** (0.0050) | −0.0332*** (0.0058) | |||
| Marital | −0.0037 (0.0044) | 0.0050 (0.0059) | −0.0010 (0.0036) | 0.0045 (0.0113) | −0.0920 (0.0796) |
| Age | 0.0115*** (0.0010) | 0.0149*** (0.0010) | 0.0132*** (0.0007) | 0.0153*** (0.0019) | 0.0251*** (0.0083) |
| lnGDP | −0.1639*** (0.0123) | −0.1268*** (0.0134) | −0.1876*** (0.0101) | −0.0974*** (0.0218) | 0.0724 (0.1071) |
| Population | 0.0002*** (0.0000) | 0.0002*** (0.0000) | 0.0002*** (0.0000) | 0.0002*** (0.0000) | 0.0001 (0.0002) |
| Urbanization | 0.2434 (0.2171) | 0.0185 (0.2449) | 0.3358* (0.2009) | 0.4259 (0.4020) | 0.1722 (1.1306) |
| _cons | 3.1898*** (0.1643) | 2.8305*** (0.1879) | 3.3280*** (0.1438) | 2.5517*** (0.3043) | 2.5748 (1.5540) |
| N | 20,264 | 17,191 | 29,914 | 6,929 | 225 |
| r2_a | 0.0308 | 0.0425 | 0.0380 | 0.0114 | −0.4810 |
Standard errors in parentheses. *p < 0.1, **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01.