Table 2.
Routine laboratory test results of the study population.
| Characteristic | All (n = 3,085) | BD-manic (n = 1,189) | BD-depressive (n = 1,749) | BD-mixed (n = 147) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Routine blood test findings | |||||
| Red cell distribution width (RDW) CV value [mean (SD)] | 13.47 (1.27) | 13.51 (1.32) | 13.45 (1.22) | 13.45 (1.36) | 0.487 |
| RDW CV level (%) | 0.781 | ||||
| High | 381 (12.4) | 157 (13.2) | 205 (11.7) | 19 (12.9) | |
| Low | 13 (0.4) | 5 (0.4) | 7 (0.4) | 1 (0.7) | |
| Normal | 2,691 (87.2) | 1,027 (86.4) | 1,537 (87.9) | 127 (86.4) | |
| Red blood cell (RBC) SD value [mean (SD)] | 44.69 (4.06) | 44.57 (4.26) | 44.80 (3.94) | 44.22 (3.90) | 0.112 |
| RBC SD level (%) | 0.07 | ||||
| High | 68 (2.2) | 32 (2.7) | 34 (1.9) | 2 (1.4) | |
| Low | 52 (1.7) | 22 (1.9) | 24 (1.4) | 6 (4.1) | |
| Normal | 2,965 (96.1) | 1,135 (95.5) | 1,691 (96.7) | 139 (94.6) | |
| White blood cell count (WCC) value (mean (SD)) | 6.41 (2.19) | 6.95 (2.57) | 6.06 (1.84) | 6.19 (1.75) | <0.001 |
| WCC level (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| High | 221 (7.2) | 135 (11.4) | 79 (4.5) | 7 (4.8) | |
| Low | 107 (3.5) | 32 (2.7) | 67 (3.8) | 8 (5.4) | |
| Normal | 2,757 (89.4) | 1,022 (86.0) | 1,603 (91.7) | 132 (89.8) | |
| Percentage of monocyte (POM) value [mean (SD)] | 6.60 (1.90) | 6.71 (1.94) | 6.50 (1.87) | 6.92 (1.79) | 0.002 |
| POM level (%) | 0.006 | ||||
| High | 193 (6.3) | 96 (8.1) | 87 (5.0) | 10 (6.8) | |
| Low | 32 (1.0) | 10 (0.8) | 22 (1.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Normal | 2,860 (92.7) | 1,083 (91.1) | 1,640 (93.8) | 137 (93.2) | |
| Absolute of monocyte (AOM) value [mean (SD)] | 0.42 (0.17) | 0.46 (0.19) | 0.39 (0.15) | 0.43 (0.17) | <0.001 |
| AOM level (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| High | 316 (10.2) | 167 (14.0) | 134 (7.7) | 15 (10.2) | |
| Low | 6 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 5 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Normal | 2,763 (89.6) | 1,021 (85.9) | 1,610 (92.1) | 132 (89.8) | |
| RBC count (RBCC) value [mean (SD)] | 4.52 (0.56) | 4.57 (0.56) | 4.48 (0.55) | 4.50 (0.55) | <0.001 |
| RBCC level (%) | 0.409 | ||||
| High | 115 (3.7) | 46 (3.9) | 61 (3.5) | 8 (5.4) | |
| Low | 300 (9.7) | 103 (8.7) | 182 (10.4) | 15 (10.2) | |
| Normal | 2,670 (86.5) | 1,040 (87.5) | 1,506 (86.1) | 124 (84.4) | |
| Hematocrit value [mean (SD)] | 0.42 (0.05) | 0.42 (0.05) | 0.42 (0.05) | 0.41 (0.05) | 0.2 |
| Hematocrit level (%) | 0.608 | ||||
| High | 107 (3.5) | 38 (3.2) | 65 (3.7) | 4 (2.7) | |
| Low | 318 (10.3) | 131 (11.0) | 169 (9.7) | 18 (12.2) | |
| Normal | 2,660 (86.2) | 1,020 (85.8) | 1,515 (86.6) | 125 (85.0) | |
| Percentage of lymphocyte (POL) value [mean (SD)] | 31.42 (9.75) | 29.86 (10.29) | 32.34 (9.30) | 32.97 (8.89) | <0.001 |
| POL level (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| High | 140 (4.5) | 55 (4.6) | 81 (4.6) | 4 (2.7) | |
| Low | 380 (12.3) | 207 (17.4) | 156 (8.9) | 17 (11.6) | |
| Normal | 2,565 (83.1) | 927 (78.0) | 1,512 (86.4) | 126 (85.7) | |
| Absolute of lymphocyte (AOL) value [mean (SD)] | 1.92 (0.64) | 1.95 (0.67) | 1.90 (0.62) | 1.98 (0.58) | 0.068 |
| AOL level (%) | 0.931 | ||||
| High | 98 (3.2) | 40 (3.4) | 55 (3.1) | 3 (2.0) | |
| Low | 215 (7.0) | 84 (7.1) | 120 (6.9) | 11 (7.5) | |
| Normal | 2,772 (89.9) | 1,065 (89.6) | 1,574 (90.0) | 133 (90.5) | |
| Average red blood cell (ARBC) HGB value [mean (SD)] | 29.97 (2.49) | 29.94 (2.36) | 30.02 (2.52) | 29.56 (3.11) | 0.087 |
| ARBC HGB level (%) | 0.217 | ||||
| High | 73 (2.4) | 27 (2.3) | 40 (2.3) | 6 (4.1) | |
| Low | 193 (6.3) | 64 (5.4) | 116 (6.6) | 13 (8.8) | |
| Normal | 2,819 (91.4) | 1,098 (92.3) | 1,593 (91.1) | 128 (87.1) | |
| ARBC HGB concentration value [mean (SD)] | 327.76 (11.54) | 328.97 (11.77) | 327.18 (11.41) | 324.88 (10.17) | <0.001 |
| ARBC HGB concentration level (%) | 0.188 | ||||
| High | 27 (0.9) | 15 (1.3) | 11 (0.6) | 1 (0.7) | |
| Low | 360 (11.7) | 130 (10.9) | 207 (11.8) | 23 (15.6) | |
| Normal | 2,698 (87.5) | 1,044 (87.8) | 1,531 (87.5) | 123 (83.7) | |
| Average red blood cell volume (ARBCV) value [mean (SD)] | 91.40 (6.56) | 91.01 (6.44) | 91.70 (6.45) | 90.89 (8.32) | 0.011 |
| ARBCV level (%) | 0.36 | ||||
| High | 116 (3.8) | 43 (3.6) | 66 (3.8) | 7 (4.8) | |
| Low | 153 (5.0) | 50 (4.2) | 92 (5.3) | 11 (7.5) | |
| Normal | 2,816 (91.3) | 1,096 (92.2) | 1,591 (91.0) | 129 (87.8) | |
| Percentage of basophil (POB) value [mean (SD)] | 0.45 (0.29) | 0.41 (0.28) | 0.48 (0.30) | 0.47 (0.28) | <0.001 |
| POB level = normal (%) | 2,973 (96.4) | 1,155 (97.1) | 1,676 (95.8) | 142 (96.6) | 0.172 |
| Percentage of eosinophil (POE) value [mean (SD)] | 2.34 (1.92) | 2.24 (1.87) | 2.40 (1.94) | 2.39 (1.98) | 0.068 |
| POE level (%) | 0.037 | ||||
| High | 79 (2.6) | 30 (2.5) | 45 (2.6) | 4 (2.7) | |
| Low | 192 (6.2) | 94 (7.9) | 93 (5.3) | 5 (3.4) | |
| Normal | 2,814 (91.2) | 1,065 (89.6) | 1,611 (92.1) | 138 (93.9) | |
| Hemoglobin value [mean (SD)] | 134.70 (16.50) | 136.33 (16.50) | 133.81 (16.52) | 132.08 (15.21) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin level (%) | 0.526 | ||||
| High | 67 (2.2) | 25 (2.1) | 40 (2.3) | 2 (1.4) | |
| Low | 362 (11.7) | 127 (10.7) | 214 (12.2) | 21 (14.3) | |
| Normal | 2,656 (86.1) | 1,037 (87.2) | 1,495 (85.5) | 124 (84.4) | |
| Platelet count (PC) value [mean (SD)] | 203.40 (67.28) | 209.08 (68.94) | 199.81 (66.78) | 200.10 (55.78) | 0.001 |
| PC level (%) | 0.029 | ||||
| High | 239 (7.7) | 104 (8.7) | 129 (7.4) | 6 (4.1) | |
| Low | 136 (4.4) | 43 (3.6) | 90 (5.1) | 3 (2.0) | |
| Normal | 2,710 (87.8) | 1,042 (87.6) | 1,530 (87.5) | 138 (93.9) | |
| Percentage of neutrophil (PON) value [mean (SD)] | 59.17 (10.75) | 60.77 (11.38) | 58.25 (10.27) | 57.26 (9.37) | <0.001 |
| PON level (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| High | 262 (8.5) | 145 (12.2) | 112 (6.4) | 5 (3.4) | |
| Low | 143 (4.6) | 58 (4.9) | 80 (4.6) | 5 (3.4) | |
| Normal | 2,680 (86.9) | 986 (82.9) | 1,557 (89.0) | 137 (93.2) | |
| Absolute of neutrophil (AON) value [mean (SD)] | 3.91 (1.93) | 4.38 (2.33) | 3.61 (1.56) | 3.62 (1.43) | <0.001 |
| AON level (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| High | 259 (8.4) | 157 (13.2) | 93 (5.3) | 9 (6.1) | |
| Low | 145 (4.7) | 43 (3.6) | 94 (5.4) | 8 (5.4) | |
| Normal | 2,681 (86.9) | 989 (83.2) | 1,562 (89.3) | 130 (88.4) | |
| Routine biochemical test findings | |||||
| Alanine aminotransferase (ALA) value [mean (SD)] | 24.48 (27.65) | 25.93 (25.72) | 23.66 (29.08) | 22.54 (24.59) | 0.063 |
| ALA level (%) | 0.168 | ||||
| High | 300 (9.7) | 133 (11.2) | 158 (9.0) | 9 (6.1) | |
| Low | 6 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | 4 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Normal | 2,779 (90.1) | 1,054 (88.6) | 1,587 (90.7) | 138 (93.9) | |
| Aspartate aminotransferase (ASA) value [mean (SD)] | 23.84 (18.64) | 26.06 (16.90) | 22.45 (19.42) | 22.52 (20.87) | <0.001 |
| ASA level (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| High | 264 (8.6) | 149 (12.5) | 105 (6.0) | 10 (6.8) | |
| Low | 1 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Normal | 2,820 (91.4) | 1,040 (87.5) | 1,643 (93.9) | 137 (93.2) | |
| Creatine kinase (CK) value [mean (SD)] | 155.02 (382.12) | 241.27 (510.16) | 99.95 (267.43) | 112.51 (107.73) | <0.001 |
| CK level (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| High | 473 (15.3) | 347 (29.2) | 106 (6.1) | 20 (13.6) | |
| Low | 2 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Normal | 2,610 (84.6) | 841 (70.7) | 1,642 (93.9) | 127 (86.4) | |
| Lactate dehydrogenase (LD) value [mean (SD)] | 167.07 (51.30) | 186.23 (61.08) | 154.82 (39.89) | 157.83 (36.15) | <0.001 |
| LD level (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| High | 285 (9.2) | 194 (16.3) | 82 (4.7) | 9 (6.1) | |
| Low | 185 (6.0) | 39 (3.3) | 132 (7.5) | 14 (9.5) | |
| Normal | 2,615 (84.8) | 956 (80.4) | 1,535 (87.8) | 124 (84.4) | |
| Urea value [mean (SD)] | 4.63 (1.55) | 4.69 (1.66) | 4.60 (1.48) | 4.48 (1.43) | 0.11 |
| Urea level (%) | 0.015 | ||||
| High | 88 (2.9) | 48 (4.0) | 37 (2.1) | 3 (2.0) | |
| Low | 328 (10.6) | 138 (11.6) | 175 (10.0) | 15 (10.2) | |
| Normal | 2,669 (86.5) | 1,003 (84.4) | 1,537 (87.9) | 129 (87.8) | |
| Total bilirubin (TB) value [mean (SD)] | 10.27 (5.77) | 10.40 (6.55) | 10.16 (5.14) | 10.43 (6.18) | 0.498 |
| TB level (%) | 0.023 | ||||
| High | 40 (1.3) | 22 (1.9) | 16 (0.9) | 2 (1.4) | |
| Low | 289 (9.4) | 129 (10.8) | 144 (8.2) | 16 (10.9) | |
| Normal | 2,756 (89.3) | 1,038 (87.3) | 1,589 (90.9) | 129 (87.8) | |
| Direct bilirubin (DB) value [mean (SD)] | 3.73 (2.92) | 4.04 (4.03) | 3.52 (1.87) | 3.71 (2.25) | <0.001 |
| DB level (%) | 0.001 | ||||
| High | 74 (2.4) | 45 (3.8) | 24 (1.4) | 5 (3.4) | |
| Low | 6 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 5 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Normal | 3,005 (97.4) | 1,143 (96.1) | 1,720 (98.3) | 142 (96.6) | |
| Indirect bilirubin (IDB) value [mean (SD)] | 6.54 (3.69) | 6.37 (3.77) | 6.64 (3.60) | 6.73 (4.10) | 0.123 |
| IDB level = normal (%) | 3,058 (99.1) | 1,177 (99.0) | 1,736 (99.3) | 145 (98.6) | 0.608 |
| Total protein (TP) value [mean (SD)] | 68.42 (5.57) | 69.79 (5.75) | 67.50 (5.31) | 68.24 (4.80) | <0.001 |
| TP level (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| High | 12 (0.4) | 8 (0.7) | 4 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Low | 773 (25.1) | 216 (18.2) | 523 (29.9) | 34 (23.1) | |
| Normal | 2,300 (74.6) | 965 (81.2) | 1,222 (69.9) | 113 (76.9) | |
| Albumin value [mean (SD)] | 43.27 (4.10) | 44.50 (4.29) | 42.41 (3.78) | 43.66 (3.52) | <0.001 |
| Albumin level (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| High | 7 (0.2) | 4 (0.3) | 3 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Low | 576 (18.7) | 161 (13.5) | 399 (22.8) | 16 (10.9) | |
| Normal | 2,502 (81.1) | 1,024 (86.1) | 1,347 (77.0) | 131 (89.1) | |
| Creatinine value [mean (SD)] | 65.58 (16.49) | 66.56 (16.13) | 65.09 (15.77) | 63.39 (25.12) | 0.016 |
| Creatinine level (%) | 0.15 | ||||
| High | 9 (0.3) | 5 (0.4) | 3 (0.2) | 1 (0.7) | |
| Low | 46 (1.5) | 19 (1.6) | 22 (1.3) | 5 (3.4) | |
| Normal | 3,030 (98.2) | 1,165 (98.0) | 1,724 (98.6) | 141 (95.9) | |
| Glucose value [mean (SD)] | 5.22 (1.43) | 5.40 (1.63) | 5.12 (1.27) | 4.95 (1.30) | <0.001 |
| Glucose level (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| High | 502 (16.3) | 253 (21.3) | 233 (13.3) | 16 (10.9) | |
| Low | 95 (3.1) | 38 (3.2) | 49 (2.8) | 8 (5.4) | |
| Normal | 2,488 (80.6) | 898 (75.5) | 1,467 (83.9) | 123 (83.7) | |
| Alkaline phosphatase (AP) value [mean (SD)] | 75.98 (33.55) | 80.93 (37.82) | 72.72 (30.01) | 74.67 (32.13) | <0.001 |
| AP level (%) | 0.013 | ||||
| High | 90 (2.9) | 50 (4.2) | 38 (2.2) | 2 (1.4) | |
| Low | 274 (8.9) | 97 (8.2) | 162 (9.3) | 15 (10.2) | |
| Normal | 2,721 (88.2) | 1,042 (87.6) | 1,549 (88.6) | 130 (88.4) | |
| Glutamyl transpeptidase (GT) value [mean (SD)] | 28.60 (78.22) | 27.07 (55.90) | 28.74 (75.01) | 39.40 (190.58) | 0.195 |
| GT level (%) | 0.315 | ||||
| High | 268 (8.7) | 96 (8.1) | 160 (9.1) | 12 (8.2) | |
| Low | 4 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 2 (0.1) | 1 (0.7) | |
| Normal | 2,813 (91.2) | 1,092 (91.8) | 1,587 (90.7) | 134 (91.2) | |
| Sodium value [mean (SD)] | 141.56 (2.62) | 141.26 (2.61) | 141.75 (2.64) | 141.67 (2.35) | <0.001 |
| Sodium level (%) | 0.29 | ||||
| High | 64 (2.1) | 20 (1.7) | 41 (2.3) | 3 (2.0) | |
| Low | 101 (3.3) | 48 (4.0) | 49 (2.8) | 4 (2.7) | |
| Normal | 2,920 (94.7) | 1,121 (94.3) | 1,659 (94.9) | 140 (95.2) | |
| Potassium value [mean (SD)] | 3.97 (0.36) | 3.96 (0.36) | 3.98 (0.37) | 4.00 (0.32) | 0.355 |
| Potassium level (%) | 0.768 | ||||
| High | 6 (0.2) | 2 (0.2) | 4 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Low | 271 (8.8) | 113 (9.5) | 147 (8.4) | 11 (7.5) | |
| Normal | 2,808 (91.0) | 1,074 (90.3) | 1,598 (91.4) | 136 (92.5) | |
| Chlorine value [mean (SD)] | 104.32 (3.36) | 104.10 (3.43) | 104.47 (3.33) | 104.27 (3.10) | 0.011 |
| Chlorine level (%) | 0.031 | ||||
| High | 125 (4.1) | 39 (3.3) | 84 (4.8) | 2 (1.4) | |
| Low | 162 (5.3) | 74 (6.2) | 82 (4.7) | 6 (4.1) | |
| Normal | 2,798 (90.7) | 1,076 (90.5) | 1,583 (90.5) | 139 (94.6) | |
| Globulin value [mean (SD)] | 25.15 (3.80) | 25.30 (3.80) | 25.09 (3.82) | 24.58 (3.45) | 0.057 |
| Globulin level (%) | 0.429 | ||||
| High | 11 (0.4) | 6 (0.5) | 5 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Low | 211 (6.8) | 71 (6.0) | 130 (7.4) | 10 (6.8) | |
| Normal | 2,863 (92.8) | 1,112 (93.5) | 1,614 (92.3) | 137 (93.2) | |
| White ball ratio (WBR) value [mean (SD)] | 1.76 (0.32) | 1.80 (0.32) | 1.73 (0.31) | 1.82 (0.34) | <0.001 |
| WBR level (%) | 0.061 | ||||
| High | 99 (3.2) | 47 (4.0) | 44 (2.5) | 8 (5.4) | |
| Low | 70 (2.3) | 26 (2.2) | 43 (2.5) | 1 (0.7) | |
| Normal | 2,916 (94.5) | 1,116 (93.9) | 1,662 (95.0) | 138 (93.9) | |
| Uric acid (UA) value [mean (SD)] | 321.40 (96.68) | 345.40 (101.77) | 305.61 (90.35) | 315.29 (87.77) | <0.001 |
| UA level (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| High | 370 (12.0) | 199 (16.7) | 155 (8.9) | 16 (10.9) | |
| Low | 111 (3.6) | 25 (2.1) | 80 (4.6) | 6 (4.1) | |
| Normal | 2,604 (84.4) | 965 (81.2) | 1,514 (86.6) | 125 (85.0) | |
| Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (HD) [mean (SD)] | 132.63 (42.35) | 148.52 (50.82) | 122.43 (32.51) | 125.39 (29.41) | <0.001 |
| HD level (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| High | 252 (8.2) | 184 (15.5) | 61 (3.5) | 7 (4.8) | |
| Low | 7 (0.2) | 1 (0.1) | 6 (0.3) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Normal | 2,826 (91.6) | 1,004 (84.4) | 1,682 (96.2) | 140 (95.2) | |
| Cholesterol value [mean (SD)] | 4.22 (0.97) | 4.02 (0.94) | 4.35 (0.97) | 4.19 (0.94) | <0.001 |
| Cholesterol level (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| High | 211 (6.8) | 54 (4.5) | 150 (8.6) | 7 (4.8) | |
| Low | 143 (4.6) | 77 (6.5) | 60 (3.4) | 6 (4.1) | |
| Normal | 2,731 (88.5) | 1,058 (89.0) | 1,539 (88.0) | 134 (91.2) | |
| High density lipoprotein (HDL) value [mean (SD)] | 1.37 (0.38) | 1.40 (0.40) | 1.35 (0.37) | 1.44 (0.36) | 0.001 |
| HDL level = normal (%) | 2,846 (92.3) | 1,101 (92.6) | 1,605 (91.8) | 140 (95.2) | 0.271 |
| Low density lipoprotein (LDL) value [mean (SD)] | 2.35 (0.78) | 2.18 (0.75) | 2.48 (0.78) | 2.28 (0.69) | <0.001 |
| LDL level = normal (%) | 2,993 (97.0) | 1,164 (97.9) | 1,686 (96.4) | 143 (97.3) | 0.063 |
| Cystatin C value [mean (SD)] | 0.85 (0.17) | 0.85 (0.16) | 0.86 (0.16) | 0.83 (0.27) | 0.184 |
| Cystatin C level (%) | 0.67 | ||||
| High | 193 (6.3) | 75 (6.3) | 113 (6.5) | 5 (3.4) | |
| Low | 2 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Normal | 2,890 (93.7) | 1,113 (93.6) | 1,635 (93.5) | 142 (96.6) | |
| Calcium value [mean (SD)] | 2.26 (0.12) | 2.28 (0.12) | 2.25 (0.12) | 2.26 (0.11) | <0.001 |
| Calcium level (%) | 0.009 | ||||
| High | 5 (0.2) | 4 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Low | 232 (7.5) | 67 (5.6) | 153 (8.7) | 12 (8.2) | |
| Normal | 2,848 (92.3) | 1,118 (94.0) | 1,595 (91.2) | 135 (91.8) | |
| Magnesium value [mean (SD)] | 0.88 (0.09) | 0.89 (0.10) | 0.88 (0.09) | 0.88 (0.10) | 0.676 |
| Magnesium level (%) | 0.137 | ||||
| High | 129 (4.2) | 58 (4.9) | 67 (3.8) | 4 (2.7) | |
| Low | 24 (0.8) | 6 (0.5) | 15 (0.9) | 3 (2.0) | |
| Normal | 2,932 (95.0) | 1,125 (94.6) | 1,667 (95.3) | 140 (95.2) | |
| Serum inorganic phosphorous (SIP) value [mean (SD)] | 1.18 (0.22) | 1.17 (0.23) | 1.18 (0.22) | 1.24 (0.21) | 0.002 |
| SIP level (%) | 0.182 | ||||
| High | 242 (7.8) | 86 (7.2) | 144 (8.2) | 12 (8.2) | |
| Low | 265 (8.6) | 120 (10.1) | 133 (7.6) | 12 (8.2) | |
| Normal | 2,578 (83.6) | 983 (82.7) | 1,472 (84.2) | 123 (83.7) | |
| Carbon dioxide combining power (CO 2 CP) value [mean (SD)] | 23.98 (3.14) | 23.24 (3.11) | 24.50 (3.06) | 23.85 (3.09) | <0.001 |
| CO 2 CP level (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| High | 286 (9.3) | 57 (4.8) | 215 (12.3) | 14 (9.5) | |
| Low | 82 (2.7) | 54 (4.5) | 24 (1.4) | 4 (2.7) | |
| Normal | 2,717 (88.1) | 1,078 (90.7) | 1,510 (86.3) | 129 (87.8) | |
| Anion gap (AG) value [mean (SD)] | 17.24 (3.91) | 17.91 (3.93) | 16.75 (3.82) | 17.56 (4.06) | <0.001 |
| AG level (%) | <0.001 | ||||
| High | 670 (21.7) | 323 (27.2) | 315 (18.0) | 32 (21.8) | |
| Low | 241 (7.8) | 59 (5.0) | 172 (9.8) | 10 (6.8) | |
| Normal | 2,174 (70.5) | 807 (67.9) | 1,262 (72.2) | 105 (71.4) | |
The bold values presented in Table 2 indicate the features of patients, as well as the p-value results obtained from hypothesis tests.