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. 2024 Jan 3;14:370. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-49931-3

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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IQS scores for individuals in FrEx for different pipelines. Results are split between the 6 cities of FrEx. Section (A) depicts the different possible phasing and imputation strategies that were tested, running either on the Michigan server or locally (LOCAL) in our lab and with different combinations of phasing and imputation panels. Section (B) gives boxplots of individual level IQS scores for each strategy. Of the 550 individuals analysed, 89 are from Bordeaux, 96 from Brest, 87 from Dijon, 93 from Lille, 90 from Nantes, and 95 from Rouen.