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. 2024 Jan 3;14:459. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-50694-0

Table 2.

Metrics for Evaluable Study Endpoints.

Pobs larger that Pexp (n = 72) Under-powered Endpoints (n = 19) Well-powered Endpoints (± 2.5%) (n = 3)
Expected power (%) 87.3 ± 7.75 86.4 ± 6.6 96 ± 4.3
Observed power (%) 98.2 ± 3.5 65.6 ± 19.7 96.5 ± 5
ΔPO-E n (%)
 < − 2.5% 19 (20%)
 − 2.5 to + 2.5% 3 (3%)
 2.51–5% 14 (15%)
 5.1–10% 39 (42%)
 10.1–20% 16 (17%)
  > 20% 3 (3%)
Expected HR (n = 91)* 0.667 ± 0.07 (n = 69) 0.69 ± 0.08 0.66 ± 0.06
Observed HR 0.54 ± 0.13 0.76 ± 0.6 0.71 ± 0.09
Alpha 0.053 ± 0.06 0.038 ± 0.019 0.019 ± 0.026
Sample size – experimental arm 362.8 ± 225 414.7 ± 497.5 475 ± 145
Median outcome time in control arm (months) 14.8 ± 24.6 30.9 ± 79.4 10 ± 2.8

*3 studies the expected HR was not available and therefore observed power could not be calculated.