Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of PD + pRBD, PD-pRBD and HC groups.
| PD+pRBD (n = 36) | PD-pRBD (n = 57) | HC (n = 71) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean ± SD, yearsa | 61.2 ± 6.5 | 58.4 ± 8.8 | 60.5 ± 8.3 | 0.202 |
| Sex, male, n (%)b | 19 (52.8) | 26 (45.6) | 32 (45.1) | 0.729 |
| Education level, median ± IQR, yearsc | 11.0 ± 5.0 | 9.0 ± 6.0 | 12.0 ± 6.0 | 0.182 |
| Age at onset, mean ± SD, yearsd | 57.5 ± 7.3 | 55.5 ± 9.1 | NA | 0.329 |
| Disease duration, median ± IQR, yearse | 3.0 ± 3.0 | 2.0 ± 2.5 | NA | 0.161 |
| MDS-UPDSR, mean ± SDd | 43.1 ± 16.7 | 35.9 ± 15.9 | NA | 0.039f |
| MDS-UPDRS part I, median ± IQRe | 9.0 ± 6.0 | 5.0 ± 5.0 | NA | <0.001f |
| MDS-UPDRS part II, median ± IQRe | 9.0 ± 7.7 | 7.0 ± 8.0 | NA | 0.321 |
| MDS-UPDRS part III, median ± IQRe | 24.5 ± 18 | 23.0 ± 15.5 | NA | 0.220 |
| H&Y stage, n, 1/2/2.5b | 7/23/1 | 23/26/2 | NA | 0.067 |
| MoCA, median ± IQRc | 24.0 ± 3.7 | 26.0 ± 4.0 | 26.0 ± 4.0 | <0.001f,g |
| HAMD-17, median ± IQRc | 8.0 ± 7.7 | 4.0 ± 4.0 | 1.0 ± 4.0 | <0.001f,g,h |
| RBDQ-HK, median ± IQRc | 28.5 ± 14.5 | 3.5 ± 8.7 | 7.0 ± 9.0 | <0.001f,g |
| ESS, median ± IQRc | 4.0 ± 4.0 | 3.0 ± 4.0 | 4.0 ± 3.0 | 0.464 |
| PSQI, median ± IQRc | 8.0 ± 6.0 | 3.0 ± 4.0 | 4.0 ± 5.0 | 0.008f,g |
| AS, median ± IQRc | 10.0 ± 17.0 | 6.0 ± 14.0 | 4.0 ± 10.0 | 0.066 |
| B-SIT, median ± IQRc | 7.0 ± 4.0 | 8.0 ± 3.5 | 10.0 ± 3.0 | <0.001g,h |
RBD Rapid Eye Movement Sleep Behavior Disorder, pRBD probable RBD, PD + pRBD PD with probable RBD, PD-pRBD PD without probable RBD, HC healthy control, MDS-UPDRS Movement Disorder Society Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, MDS-UPDRS part I Non-motor Aspects of Experiences of Daily Living section of MDS-UPDRS, MDS-UPDRS part II Motor Aspects of Experiences of Daily Living section of MDS-UPDRS, MDS-UPDRS part III Motor Examination section of MDS-UPDRS, H&Y Hohen & Yahr scale, MoCA Montreal Cognitive Assessment, HAMD Hamilton Depression scale, RBDQ-HK, RBD Questionnaire-Hong Kong version, ESS Epworth Sleepiness Scale, PSQI Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, AS Apathy Scale, B-SIT Brief Smell Identification Test, SD standard deviation.
P values with statistically significant differences are highlighted in bold text.
aAnalysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc test corrected by Bonferroni was used.
bThe Χ2 was used.
cKruskal-Wallis H-test followed by post hoc test corrected by Bonferroni was used.
dVariables with mean ± SD compared via independent t-test.
eVariables with median ± IQR compared via Mann-Whitney U test.
fComparison between PD+pRBD group and PD-pRBD group.
gComparison between PD+pRBD group and healthy control group.
hComparison between PD-pRBD group and healthy control group.