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. 2024 Jan 3;14:453. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-50980-x

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Illustration of the aVP subdivision boundaries applied for segmentation, as seen in one subject on the CISS images. The left panel shows a curved reconstruction of the aVP along its longitudinal axis, with red bars marking the boundaries (a). The iOrb/iCan boundary is located at the end of the intraorbital fat (f) and corresponds to the orbital apex at the level of the annulus of Zinn envisioned in (b). The transition from iCan to iCran is marked by the cisternal CSF (*) surrounding the nerve as seen in (c). The OC is the segment where the left and right aVPs merge perpendicular to the midsagittal plane (dashed line in d). The hypothalamus (h), representing the medial OT boundary, is highlighted in (a).