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. 2024 Jan 3;14:453. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-50980-x

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© The Author(s) 2024

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Diagram illustrating the aVP straightening process. Following manual segmentation in the native space (a), the slice centroids and the corresponding between-centroid distance were calculated (red markers in b). Then, slices were linearly shifted on the (x, z) transverse plane to the image centerline (red line in c), with preservation of the original between-centroid distance and CSA. The resulting gaps between shifted slices were filled by slice-wise interpolation, preserving the average CSA (light-blue slices in d). Finally, the straightened iOrb, iCan, iCran, OC and OT sections were concatenated along the image centerline (e). The (b–d) sample sketches are simplified for illustrative purposes.