Table 4.

Optimization objective, decision, and timing results for each technique for case study 1.

Variable	SO	DF-NM	DF-MADS	DB-MATLAB	DB-Pyomo
$C_{A∕B,in}$ (mol/L)	0.0878	0.0880	0.0814	0.0834	0.0836
$C_{D,in}$ (mol/L)	0.115	0.112	0.117	0.116	0.116
${\tau }_{\mathrm{R}01}$ (s)	150.1	381.2	1956.6	1626.7	1529.4
${\tau }_{\mathrm{R}02}$ (s)	2670.9	2968.2	4010.9	3460.0	3446.0
$V_{\mathrm{R}01}$ (L)	0.695	1.76	9.06	7.53	7.08
Flow rate (L/h)	16.669	16.667	16.668	16.667	16.667
Product Flow (kg/h)	0.26530	0.26538	0.26538	0.26537	0.26536
Solve time (s)	4.5	762.8	881.	885.1	148.8
PharmaPy Callbacks	N/A	561	559	621	112