Table 7:

Optimization objective, decision, and timing results for each technique for case study 2.

Variable	SO	DF-NM	DF-MADS	DB-MATLAB	DB-Pyomo
${\tau }_{\mathrm{R}01}(\mathrm{s})$	-	600.	600.	600.	600.
$C_{A∕B,\text{in}}(\text{mol/L})$	-	1.959	1.959	1.959	1.959
$T_1(\mathrm{K})$	-	330.5	308.3	308.3	309.2
$T_2(\mathrm{K})$	-	285.3	285.6	285.6	285.6
$t_{\text{batch}}(\mathrm{h})$	-	6.0	6.0	5.999	5.951
Reactor conversion	-	0.803	0.803	0.803	0.803
Mean size (μm)	-	25.26	25.001	25.002	25.12
Production (kg/h)	-	0.66956	0.66997	0.66994	0.66993
Solve time (s)	-	1109.2	1406.3	1274.25	862.3
PharmaPy Callbacks	-	667	785	741	400