Table 2.
Cytokine concentrations in conditioned media of unstimulated and LPS-stimulated PBMC from 33-day-old pigs fed milk replacer with or without BMO, HMO or a combination of both.
| Cytokine | CON (n=12) |
HMO (n=12) |
BMOS (n=12) |
BMOS+HMO (n=10) |
Statistics | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IL-1β (pg/mL) | LPS | 3329 ± 1066 | 2238 ± 1110 | 4986 ± 2528 | 3196 ± 600 | N.S. |
| UNST | 74.3 (n=1)* |
66.6 ± 20 (n=2) |
97.8 ± 47 (n=3) |
422.1 ± 261 (n=4) |
||
| Fold-change† | 44.8 | 33.6 | 51.0 | 7.6 | ||
| IL-10 (pg/mL) | LPS | 144 ± 17 | 108 ± 30 | 125 ± 27 | 166 ± 21 | BMOS* HMO: p=0.037# |
| UNST | 3.5 (n=0) |
3.5 (n=0) |
3.5 (n=0) |
3.5 (n=0) |
||
| Fold-change | 144 | 108 | 125 | 166 | ||
| TNF-α (pg/mL) | LPS | 1023 ± 125 | 626 ± 254 | 803 ± 170 | 854 ± 189 | N.S. |
| UNST | 300 ± 145 (n=3) |
304 ± 74 (n=3) |
235 ± 78 (n=8) |
403 ± 163 (n=4) |
||
| Fold-change | 3.4 | 2.1 | 3.4 | 4.5 | ||
| IL-8 (ng/mL) | LPS | 86 ± 21 | 49 ± 8.2 | 85 ± 25 | 64 ± 9.3 | N.S. |
| UNST | 1.8 ± 0.6 (n=8) |
1.1 ± 0.7 (n=8) |
2.8 ± 1.2 (n=10) |
5.7 ± 3.0 (n=8) |
||
| Fold-change | 48 | 45 | 30 | 11.2 |
Data are expressed, as mean ± SEM.
N.S. Not statistically significant. #BMOS*HMO interaction was statistically significant, however, pairwise comparison showed a statistical difference between BMOS+HMO and HMO (p=0.1).
* Number of samples with a value above the level of detection for the ELISA.
†Fold-change was calculated by dividing the mean cytokine concentration in media of LPS-stimulated cells by the mean concentration secreted by unstimulated cell within each treatment group. If values were below the level of detection, a value representing ½ the lowest concentration on the standard curve was used: IL-1β (22.3 pg/mL); IL-10 (3.5 pg/ml); TNF-α (7.0 pg/ml); and IL-8 (31.3 pg/ml) for statistical analyses.
IL, interleukin; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cells; TNF, tumor necrosis factor; UNST, unstimulated.