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. 2024 Jan 4;21:8. doi: 10.1186/s12974-023-02993-6

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

MIF and D-DT inhibition in MS. MIF and D-DT signaling through CD74 is involved in MS progression by increasing inflammatory cell migration to the CNS, enhancing secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and prolonging survival of pro-inflammatory cells. Inhibition of MIF or D-DT signaling by partial MHC constructs (DRQ), ISO-1 or ibudilast attenuates signs of MS progression