Table 1.

Study Characteristics

Author	Year	Location	Objective	Study Population	# of Children/ Youth	# of Adults	Child/Youth Consent Method	Parental Consent Method
Stiffman et al.	2005	USA	To report on the pressures between research and ethics in a study of service use in AIa youth.	Youth, 12–19	401	0	Written consent	Written
Panagiotopoulos et al.	2007	Canada	To implement a children’s diabetes screening program.	Children, 6–18	29	0	Written assent	Written
Baydala et al.	2011	Canada	To discuss the challenges of gathering child assent during a CBPRb project.	Research team members	0	7	N/A	N/A
Rose et al.	2011	New Zealand	To gather ideas on promoting return of consent forms and vaccine uptake among minority groups.	School staff	0	456	N/A	N/A
Fletcher et al.	2012	Canada	To develop recommendations for managing ethical consent in research with Aboriginal communities.	Research team members	0	7	N/A	N/A
Jardine & James	2012	Canada	To examine benefits, limitations and ethical issues when conducting peer participatory research.	Students, Grades 2–12	48	0	Oral assent	Written/ oral
Yao et al.	2018	USA	To test a text message intervention to promote sexual health among AIa and Alaska Native youth.	Youth, 15–18	408	0	Texted consent	Waived
Chadwick et al.	2019	USA	To test financial incentives for physical activity by overweight/obese adolescents.	AIa youth, 11–20	116	0	Consent	Written
Wagner et al.	2020	Australia	To assess a cognitive regulation intervention in remote Australian Aboriginal schools.	Students, Grades 1–6	271	440	Written consent	Written
Anderson et al.	2021	Australia	To evaluate the effectiveness and feasibility of online yarning circles with ATSIc Australian youth.	ATSIc youth, 18–24	21	0	Email or verbal consent	N/A
Siller et al.	2021	USA	To explore the reactions of Native American adolescents to research on sexual violence.	Students, Grades 6–12	149	0	Written assent	Written

^aAmerican Indian; ^bCommunity-based participatory research; ^cAboriginal and Torres Strait Islander