Table 1.
Characteristics of the 215 subjects with influenza-related ARDS
| All patients | Prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) | Weaning in PMV | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Yes | No | p Value | Success | Failure | p Value | |
| (n = 215) | (n = 78) | (n = 137) | (n = 44) | (n = 34) | |||
| Baseline data | |||||||
| Age (years) | 59.27(± 14.48) | 58.22(± 11.74) | 59.88(± 15.83) | 0.38 | 59.25(± 12.12) | 56.88(± 11.27) | 038 |
| Male sex | 134(62.3%) | 50(64.1%) | 84(61.3%) | 0.69 | 31(70.5%) | 19(55.9%) | 0.18 |
| Body mass index BMI (kg/m2) | 25.67(± 5.78) | 26.84(± 4.77) | 25.53(± 5.70) | 0.087 | 26.65(± 4.19) | 27.09(± 5.48) | 0.68 |
| BMI > 25 (kg/m2) | 124(57.7%) | 56(71.8%) | 68(49.6%)** | 0.002 | 23(67.6%) | 33(75%) | 0.47 |
| Malignancy | 26(12.1%) | 12(15.4%) | 14(10.2%) | 0.26 | 7(15.9%) | 5(14.7%) | 0.88 |
| Type II diabetes mellitus | 63(29.3%) | 22(28.2%) | 41(29.9%) | 0.79 | 11 (25%) | 11(32.4%) | 0.47 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 14(6.5%) | 4(5.1%) | 10(7.3%) | 0.54 | 4 | 0 | 0.13 |
| Liver disease | 22(10.2%) | 9(11.5%) | 13(9.5%) | 0.63 | 4(11.8%) | 5(11.4%) | 1.0 |
| Cardiac disease | 25(11.6%) | 5(6.4%) | 20(14.6%) | 0.072 | 3(8.8%) | 2(4.5%) | 0.65 |
| Hypertension | 93(43.3%) | 35(44.9%) | 58(42.3%) | 0.72 | 19(43.2%) | 16(47.1%) | 0.73 |
| Immunosuppressantb use before influenza infection | 10(4.7%) | 5(6.4%) | 5(3.6%) | 0.5 | 1(2.3%) | 3(8.8%) | 0.31 |
| Autoimmune disease | 14(6.5%) | 6(7.7%) | 8(5.8%) | 0.60 | 2(4.5%) | 4(11.8%) | 0.40 |
| End-stage renal disease | 14(6.5%) | 7(9.0%) | 7(5.1%) | 0.27 | 4(9.1%) | 3(8.8%) | 1.0 |
| Severity scores | |||||||
| APACHE II score | 22.59(± 8.13) | 24.14(± 8.52) | 21.7(± 7.8)* | 0.034 | 23.30 ± 8.74 | 25.24(± 8.23) | 0.32 |
| ARDS a Severity | 0.18 | 0.76 | |||||
| Severe | 122(56.7%) | 49(62.8%) | 73(53.3%) | 27(61.4%) | 22(64.7%) | ||
| Mild to moderate | 93(43.3%) | 29(37.2%) | 64(46.7%) | 17(38.6%) | 12(35.3%) | ||
| Treatments and clinical outcome | |||||||
| Prone | 49(22.8%) | 23(29.5%) | 26(19%) | 0.08 | 14(31.8%) | 9(26.5%) | 0.61 |
| ECMO | 34(15.8%) | 26(33.3%) | 8(5.8%)** | < 0.01 | 8(18.2%) | 18(52.9%)** | < 0.01 |
| Combined with bacterial pneumonia onset before D21 | 67(31.2%) | 39(50%) | 28(20.4%)** | < 0.01 | 26(59.1%) | 22(64.7%) | 0.61 |
| Bacteremia onset before D21 | 34(15.8%) | 19(24.4%) | 15(10.9%)** | 0.01 | 6(13.6%) | 13(38.2%)* | 0.012 |
| Steroid user | 127(59.1%) | 46(59%) | 81(59.1%) | 0.98 | 23(52.3%) | 23(67.6%) | 0.17 |
| Sedation | 159(74%) | 60(76.9%) | 99(72.3%) | 0.45 | 32(72.7%) | 28(82.4%) | 0.32 |
| Neuromuscular blockade > 48 h | 119(55.3%) | 59(75.6%) | 60(43.8%)*** | < 0.001 | 32(72.7%) | 27(79.4%) | 0.5 |
| Need for vasopressor agents | 103(47.9%) | 49(62.8%) | 54(39.4%)*** | < 0.01 | 25(56.8%) | 24(70.6%) | 0.21 |
| Renal replacement therapy c | 19(8.8%) | 11(14.1%) | 8(5.8%)* | 0.04 | 6(13.6%) | 5(14.7%) | 1.0 |
| Ventilator-duration (days) | 21.18(± 17.74) | 39.24(± 17.77) | 10.90(± 4.77)*** | < 0.001 | 36.12(± 14.60) | 43.29(± 20.72) | 0.09 |
| ICU stay (days) | 22.32(± 18) | 38.18(± 20.65) | 13.22(± 6.24)*** | < 0.001 | 36(± 19.22) | 41(± 22.34) | 0.29 |
| Hospital-stay (days) | 37.59(± 27.38) | 54.12(± 32.73) | 28.11(± 18)*** | < 0.001 | 58.90(± 29.70) | 47.92(± 35.77) | 0.14 |
| In hospital Mortality | 42(19.5%) | 31(39.7%) | 11(8%)*** | < 0.001 | 5(11.4%) | 26(76.5%)*** | < 0.001 |
Data are presented as the mean ± standard deviation and number (%)
APACHE II Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
aIn accordance with Berlin definition
bOral prednisolone equivalent dosage > 5 mg/day or > 150 mg cumulative dose within 1 month before influenza infection; or regular treatment using other immunosuppressants within 1month before influenza infection
cExcluding those with end-stage renal disease receiving regular hemodialysis
*< 0.05
**0 < 0.01
***0 < 0.001