FIGURE 1.
Diagram of the mechanistic kidney model structure and the modeling and simulation workflow of leveraging individual measurement of CLr of isovalerylglycine, iohexol, and kynurenic acid to estimate intrinsic active secretion individually and to predict renal drug clearance for each subject. CLr, renal clearance; GFR, glomerular filtration rate; i, the number of subsegment each segment is divided into; OAT1/3, organic anion transporter 1/3; Qc, blood flow in the central compartment; Qkidney/Qk, blood flow to the kidney; Qurine, urine formation flow; single solid arrow, the fluid flow; single dash arrow, active secretion or active reabsorption; double arrow, bidirectional passive diffusion.