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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2024 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Trace Elem Res. 2022 Mar 5;201(2):529–538. doi: 10.1007/s12011-022-03165-y

Table 1.

Selected participant characteristics

Characteristic Overall (N = 414)

Age, mean ± SD 47.03 ± 9.07
Gender, n (%)
 Male 99 (23.91)
 Female 315 (76.09)
BMI, mean ± SD 31.58 ± 6.58
Education years, mean ± SD 10.38 ± 3.68
Employment Status, n (%)
 Full time 252 (60.87)
 Part time 98 (23.67)
 Not employed 42 (10.14)
 Retired 18 (4.35)
 Disabled 4 (0.97)
Smoking status, n (%)
 Current 67 (16.18)
 Former 52 (12.56)
 Never 295 (71.26)
Pack-year, mean ± SD 2.90 ± 10.01
Alcohol drinking, n (%)
 Yes 137 (33.09)
 No 277 (66.91)