Bolasco 2003.

Methods	Study design: parallel RCT Study time frame: 2003 to 2008 Duration of follow‐up: 1.5 years; median 0.8 to 2.2
Participants	Country: Italy Setting: multi‐centre Chronic HD patients on dialysis for at least 6 months; aged 18 to 80 years; thrice‐weekly HD or HDF; body weight ≤ 90 kg Mean time on dialysis: 3.0 (1.4 to 7.7) years Number: 146 Age: Mean 67.4 years Sex (M/F): 84/62 Exclusion criteria: malignancies, active systemic disease, active hepatitis or cirrhosis, instable diabetes, diuresis >200 mL/24 h, dysfunction of vascular access, with blood flow rate < 300 mL/min; clinically relevant infections, active systemic diseases
Interventions	Treatment group 1 HF with high‐flux polyamide dialysers Infusate/blood flow ratio of 0.6 Dialysate infusate rate of 700 mL/min Treatment group 2 HDF with high‐flux polyamide dialysers Infusate/blood flow ratio of 0.6 Dialysate infusate rate of 700 mL/min Control group HD with low‐flux dialysers Dialysate flow rate of 500 mL/min
Outcomes	BP control Intradialytic symptomatic hypotension Mortality Kt/V
Notes	Exclusions post randomisation but pre‐intervention: 10 patients Stop or end point/s: not stated Additional data requested from authors: none Funding source: "We thank Gambro‐Hospal for the logistic support given to the investigator meetings."
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Central computer generated: " randomisation list that was stratified by centre and prepared in advance by one author"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Patients were centrally randomised using an email assignment from one of the authors
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	No blinding
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	No blinding
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	10/146 (14%) withdrew from study due to transfer to another technique, thrombosis or vascular access infection, withdrawal of consent, transfer to another centre, transfer to another study, infection)
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Key patient relevant outcomes not reported
Other bias	High risk	Interventions and patient characteristics not matched; industry support provided